Novel Hybrid Peptide Cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-Thymopentin (TP5) and Its Derived Peptides with Effective Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Adhesion Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Physiochemical Properties of Peptides
2.2. Determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs)
2.3. Inhibited Zone Assay
2.4. In Vitro Time-Kill Curve Assay
2.5. Cell Membrane Integrity Evaluation and Morphological Observation of S. aureus
2.6. Antibiofilm Activity Assay
2.7. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) Assay and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) Results of Biofilm-Associated Genes
2.8. Cell Viability and Anti-Adhesion Activity Tests
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Strains and Peptides
4.2. Physicochemical Properties of Peptides
4.3. Determination of MICs and MBCs
4.4. Inhibition Zones Assay
4.5. Time-Kill Curve Assay
4.6. Enumeration of Viable S. aureus
4.7. CRA Plate Assay of S. aureus
4.8. Assessment of S. aureus Cell Membrane Integrity
4.9. SEM Assay of S. aureus
4.10. TEM Assay of S. aureus
4.11. Antibiofilm Activity Assay
4.12. Optical Microscope Observation of Biofilm
4.13. CLSM Assay of Biofilm
4.14. Biofilm-Related Gene Expression Assays
4.15. Cell Culture
4.16. Cell Viability Assay
4.17. Bacterial Adherence Assays
4.18. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of Peptide | Normalized Hydrophobic Moment | Normalized Hydrophobicity | Net Charge | Amphiphilicity Index |
---|---|---|---|---|
CTP | 1.11 | 0.34 | 8.00 | 1.75 |
CTPQ | 1.07 | 0.40 | 8.00 | 1.72 |
Strains | Peptides | MICs (μg/mL) | MBCs (μg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
S. aureus ATCC 6385 | CTP | 16 | 32 |
CTPQ | 16 | 32 | |
CTP-NH2 | 8 | 16 | |
S. aureus ATCC 43300 | CTP | 32 | 64 |
CTPQ | 32 | 64 | |
CTP-NH2 | 32 | 64 | |
S. aureus CVCC 1882 | CTP | 4 | 4 |
CTPQ | 4 | 4 | |
CTP-NH2 | 2 | 8 | |
S. aureus ATCC 25923 | CTP | 64 | 512 |
CTPQ | 64 | 512 | |
CTP-NH2 | 32 | 512 | |
S. castellani CMCC 51592 | CTP | 32 | 128 |
CTPQ | 32 | 128 | |
CTP-NH2 | 32 | 64 | |
S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 | CTP | 32 | 128 |
CTPQ | 32 | 512 | |
CTP-NH2 | 32 | 64 | |
S. pullorum CVCC 519 | CTP | 8 | 64 |
CTPQ | 8 | 64 | |
CTP-NH2 | 8 | 32 | |
E. coli ATCC K99 | CTP | 32 | 256 |
CTPQ | 32 | 128 | |
CTP-NH2 | 16 | 64 | |
EHEC O157 H7 | CTP | 16 | 256 |
CTPQ | 16 | 128 | |
CTP-NH2 | 8 | 128 | |
P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | CTP | 64 | 128 |
CTPQ | 32 | 64 | |
CTP-NH2 | 16 | 64 | |
P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | CTP | 64 | 256 |
CTPQ | 64 | 128 | |
CTP-NH2 | 32 | 128 | |
P. aeruginosa CGMCC 1.10712 | CTP | 64 | 128 |
CTPQ | 32 | 64 | |
CTP-NH2 | 8 | 64 |
Gene Name | Primer Sequence | ATCC Genome Locus_Tag 1 |
---|---|---|
agrA | F: 5′-CTGATAATCCTTATGAGGTGCTTGA-3′ | KNNFDEDG_02655 |
R: 5′-CGTAAGTTCACTGTGACTCGTAACG-3′ | ||
lrgB | F: 5′-ACTACAGCGATTGCGTTACCA-3′ | KNNFDEDG_01697 |
R: 5′-CTTGCCATTGATTCTTCTACAGGT-3′ | ||
sigB | F: 5′-TTGACCATTCCATTGAAGCTG-3′ | KNNFDEDG_02624 |
R: 5′-AACCGATACGCTCACCTGTC-3′ |
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Guo, H.-N.; Tong, Y.-C.; Wang, H.-L.; Zhang, J.; Li, Z.-X.; Abbas, Z.; Yang, T.-T.; Liu, M.-Y.; Chen, P.-Y.; Hua, Z.-C.; et al. Novel Hybrid Peptide Cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-Thymopentin (TP5) and Its Derived Peptides with Effective Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Adhesion Activities. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111681
Guo H-N, Tong Y-C, Wang H-L, Zhang J, Li Z-X, Abbas Z, Yang T-T, Liu M-Y, Chen P-Y, Hua Z-C, et al. Novel Hybrid Peptide Cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-Thymopentin (TP5) and Its Derived Peptides with Effective Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Adhesion Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(21):11681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111681
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, He-Nan, Yu-Cui Tong, Hui-Li Wang, Jing Zhang, Zhong-Xuan Li, Zaheer Abbas, Tian-Tian Yang, Meng-Yao Liu, Pei-Yao Chen, Zheng-Chang Hua, and et al. 2021. "Novel Hybrid Peptide Cathelicidin 2 (1-13)-Thymopentin (TP5) and Its Derived Peptides with Effective Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-Adhesion Activities" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21: 11681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111681