Physiological, Agronomical, and Proteomic Studies Reveal Crucial Players in Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Low Nitrogen Supply
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Selection of Two Contrasting Rice Cultivars
2.2. Analysis of Variance of the Stage-Specific Experiment at Low-N and Optimum-N
2.3. Panvel and Nagina 22 Show Physiological Differences at Low N and Optimum N Supply
2.4. Plant Growth and LNC Vary between Rice Cultivars at a Low-N Supply
2.5. Rubisco Activity and Soluble Protein Differ between Panvel and Nagina 22
2.6. Agronomic Parameters and N Use Efficiency Are Enhanced in Panvel
2.7. Differentially Expressed Proteins in Panvel and Nagina 22 Rice Cultivars
2.8. Spatial Distribution and Cellular and Molecular Functions of DEPs
2.9. Proteins Involved in Photosynthesis and Carbon Assimilation Are Downregulated in Nagina 22
2.10. Variation in Differential Expression of Protein Turnover, N Metabolism, and Stress Related Proteins
2.11. Validation of Gene Expression of Some Proteins by Quantitative Real Time-PCR
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
4.2. Analysis of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of PSII
4.3. Estimation of Rubisco Activity and Soluble Protein Content of Leaf
4.4. Analysis of Growth and Yield Parameters
4.5. Analysis of Leaf NPS Contents and N Use Efficiency
4.6. Proteome Analysis
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Traits | Growth Stages | Panvel | Nagina 22 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N-100% | N-50% | N-100% | N-50% | ||
Fv/Fm | 3rd tiller | 0.796 ± 0.036 | 0.781 ± 0.032 | 0.794 ± 0.043 | 0.735 ± 0.034 * |
6th tiller | 0.809 ± 0.041 | 0.787 ± 0.028 | 0.801 ± 0.029 | 0.723 ± 0.042 * | |
Flag leaf | 0.825 ± 0.037 | 0.799 ± 0.035 | 0.807 ± 0.033 | 0.729 ± 0.038 * | |
Booting | 0.822 ± 0.044 | 0.776 ± 0.042 * | 0.805 ± 0.061 | 0.672 ± 0.028 ** | |
Panicle | 0.821 ± 0.041 | 0.728 ± 0.056 * | 0.803 ± 0.054 | 0.662 ± 0.035 ** | |
Milk stage | 0.821 ± 0.035 | 0.716 ± 0.049 ** | 0.806 ± 0.048 | 0.658 ± 0.046 *** | |
ΦPSII | 3rd tiller | 0.684 ± 0.026 | 0.671 ± 0.031 | 0.677 ± 0.026 | 0.658 ± 0.029 |
6th tiller | 0.754 ± 0.033 | 0.722 ± 0.035 | 0.738 ± 0.025 | 0.654 ± 0.021 ** | |
Flag leaf | 0.762 ± 0.024 | 0.682 ± 0.032 * | 0.743 ± 0.036 | 0.632 ± 0.042 *** | |
Booting | 0.746 ± 0.038 | 0.668 ± 0.028 * | 0.725 ± 0.031 | 0.605 ± 0.029 *** | |
Panicle | 0.715 ± 0.041 | 0.637 ± 0.037 * | 0.692 ± 0.035 | 0.578 ± 0.044 *** | |
Milk stage | 0.672 ± 0.036 | 0.605 ± 0.039 * | 0.664 ± 0.034 | 0.527 ± 0.037 *** | |
ETR | 3rd tiller | 164.55 ± 11.4 | 161.43 ± 12.1 | 162.87 ± 10.3 | 158.30 ± 10.4 |
6th tiller | 181.39 ± 10.3 | 173.70 ± 11.7 | 177.55 ± 12.7 | 157.34 ± 11.5 * | |
Flag leaf | 183.32 ± 09.7 | 164.09 ± 13.4 * | 178.75 ± 11.6 | 152.04 ± 11.9 ** | |
Booting | 179.47 ± 13.5 | 160.70 ± 12.6 * | 174.42 ± 12.9 | 145.55 ± 12.1 ** | |
Panicle | 172.01 ± 12.8 | 153.25 ± 11.4 * | 166.48 ± 13.2 | 139.05 ± 10.6 ** | |
Milk stage | 161.67 ± 14.2 | 145.55 ± 15.3 * | 159.74 ± 14.5 | 126.78 ± 11.2 *** | |
qP | 3rd tiller | 0.807 ± 0.024 | 0.798 ± 0.031 | 0.802 ± 0.025 | 0.779 ± 0.032 |
6th tiller | 0.825 ± 0.036 | 0.812 ± 0.028 | 0.819 ± 0.029 | 0.736 ± 0.027 * | |
Flag leaf | 0.867 ± 0.027 | 0.801 ± 0.037 * | 0.855 ± 0.031 | 0.758 ± 0.025 ** | |
Booting | 0.832 ± 0.041 | 0.763 ± 0.043 * | 0.821 ± 0.036 | 0.724 ± 0.032 ** | |
Panicle | 0.801 ± 0.038 | 0.714 ± 0.041 ** | 0.793 ± 0.028 | 0.687 ± 0.044 *** | |
Milk stage | 0.785 ± 0.023 | 0.678 ± 0.036 ** | 0.778 ± 0.042 | 0.583 ± 0.041 *** | |
NPQ | 3rd tiller | 0.064 ± 0.011 | 0.071 ± 0.016 | 0.068 ± 0.014 | 0.089 ± 0.015 * |
6th tiller | 0.042 ± 0.013 | 0.053 ± 0.012 | 0.047 ± 0.011 | 0.073 ± 0.013 * | |
Flag leaf | 0.023 ± 0.008 | 0.033 ± 0.010 | 0.029 ± 0.010 | 0.056 ± 0.014 * | |
Booting | 0.046 ± 0.012 | 0.054 ± 0.013 | 0.048 ± 0.013 | 0.073 ± 0.016 ** | |
Panicle | 0.073 ± 0.019 | 0.091 ± 0.017 * | 0.075 ± 0.020 | 0.115 ± 0.022 *** | |
Milk stage | 0.096 ± 0.014 | 0.125 ± 0.023 ** | 0.101 ± 0.019 | 0.168 ± 0.034 *** |
Traits | Growth Stages | Panvel | Nagina 22 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N-100% | N-50% | N-100% | N-50% | ||
Rubisco enzyme activity (n mol−1 g−1 FW) | 3rd tiller | 215.9 ± 12.2 | 203.3 ± 14.3 | 208.8 ± 11.6 | 197.5 ± 13.8 |
6th tiller | 224.2 ± 11.9 | 207.2 ± 11.5 | 218.3 ± 13.2 | 199.9± 12.4 * | |
Flag leaf | 234.6 ± 13.5 | 211.2 ± 11.6 * | 229.3 ± 12.3 | 202.3 ± 14.6 * | |
Booting | 235.4 ± 09.8 | 209.4 ± 11.3 * | 230.8 ± 13.6 | 198.5 ± 12.8 ** | |
Panicle | 235.7 ± 14.1 | 204.9 ± 11.5 ** | 228.2 ± 12.2 | 186.4 ± 11.6 *** | |
Milk stage | 234.9 ± 10.2 | 201.3 ± 13.7 ** | 225.7 ± 11.2 | 175.2 ± 12.2 *** | |
Rubisco protein content (mg m−2 FW) | 3rd tiller | 0.139 ± 0.025 | 0.134 ± 0.031 | 0.132 ± 0.027 | 0.125 ± 0.026 |
6th tiller | 0.152 ± 0.032 | 0.141 ± 0.028 | 0.143 ± 0.021 | 0.130 ± 0.023 * | |
Flag leaf | 0.163 ± 0.029 | 0.148 ± 0.025 * | 0.156 ± 0.027 | 0.138 ± 0.028 * | |
Booting | 0.167 ± 0.033 | 0.154 ± 0.027 | 0.162 ± 0.031 | 0.141 ± 0.029 ** | |
Panicle | 0.171 ± 0.022 | 0.155 ± 0.026 * | 0.165 ± 0.024 | 0.140 ± 0.028 ** | |
Milk stage | 0.174 ± 0.027 | 0.154 ± 0.023 * | 0.169 ± 0.025 | 0.142 ± 0.021 ** | |
Soluble protein content (mg g−2 FW) | 3rd tiller | 29.31 ± 3.23 | 23.82 ± 2.42 | 24.56 ± 3.31 | 20.13 ± 4.11 |
6th tiller | 32.49 ± 4.21 | 25.35 ± 3.26 | 28.78 ± 3.45 | 24.89 ± 3.27 * | |
Flag leaf | 35.46 ± 2.78 | 30.04 ± 3.16 | 32.16 ± 3.28 | 27.55 ± 3.14 * | |
Booting | 36.19 ± 4.03 | 32.66 ± 4.15 * | 33.73 ± 3.79 | 27.49 ± 3.26 ** | |
Panicle | 35.96 ± 3.99 | 31.72 ± 3.48 * | 33.11 ± 4.12 | 26.12 ± 3.65 ** | |
Milk stage | 36.11 ± 4.09 | 30.37 ± 3.67 * | 33.51 ± 4.55 | 24.47 ± 4.13 *** |
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Tantray, A.Y.; Hazzazi, Y.; Ahmad, A. Physiological, Agronomical, and Proteomic Studies Reveal Crucial Players in Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Low Nitrogen Supply. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126410
Tantray AY, Hazzazi Y, Ahmad A. Physiological, Agronomical, and Proteomic Studies Reveal Crucial Players in Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Low Nitrogen Supply. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(12):6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126410
Chicago/Turabian StyleTantray, Aadil Yousuf, Yehia Hazzazi, and Altaf Ahmad. 2022. "Physiological, Agronomical, and Proteomic Studies Reveal Crucial Players in Rice Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Low Nitrogen Supply" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12: 6410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126410