Effect of Levetiracetam on Oxidant–Antioxidant Activity during Long-Term Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Antioxidant Markers
2.2. Oxidant Markers
2.3. Ratio and Correlation Analysis of Biochemical Markers
2.4. Levetiracetam Blood Levels
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Animal Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
4.4. Monitoring of Spontaneous Behavioral Seizures
4.5. Levetiracetam Treatment
4.6. Tissue Sample Collection and Processing
4.7. Total Protein Measurement
4.8. Determination of Antioxidant Markers
4.8.1. SOD Activity Assay
4.8.2. CAT Activity Assay
4.8.3. GPx Activity Assay
4.8.4. GR Activity Assay
4.8.5. GSH Level Determination
4.9. Determinatuon of Oxidant Markers
4.9.1. Determination of H2O2 Levels
4.9.2. Protein Carbonylation Determination
4.9.3. MDA Level Determination
4.9.4. 8-OHdG Level Determination
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Ignacio-Mejía, I.; Contreras-García, I.J.; Pichardo-Macías, L.A.; García-Cruz, M.E.; Ramírez Mendiola, B.A.; Bandala, C.; Medina-Campos, O.N.; Pedraza-Chaverri, J.; Cárdenas-Rodríguez, N.; Mendoza-Torreblanca, J.G. Effect of Levetiracetam on Oxidant–Antioxidant Activity during Long-Term Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179313
Ignacio-Mejía I, Contreras-García IJ, Pichardo-Macías LA, García-Cruz ME, Ramírez Mendiola BA, Bandala C, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Torreblanca JG. Effect of Levetiracetam on Oxidant–Antioxidant Activity during Long-Term Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179313
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgnacio-Mejía, Iván, Itzel Jatziri Contreras-García, Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macías, Mercedes Edna García-Cruz, Blanca Alcira Ramírez Mendiola, Cindy Bandala, Omar Noel Medina-Campos, José Pedraza-Chaverri, Noemí Cárdenas-Rodríguez, and Julieta Griselda Mendoza-Torreblanca. 2024. "Effect of Levetiracetam on Oxidant–Antioxidant Activity during Long-Term Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179313