Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis via the MKK3/6-P38 Pathway in a Piglet Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Growth Performance
2.2. The Serum and Jejunal Mucosal Factors Contents
2.3. The Morphology and Tight Junction Proteins Expression in Jejunum
2.4. Analysis of Proteomic Profile in the Jejunal Mucosa
2.5. MKK3/6-p38 Signaling Pathway and Apoptosis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethics Approval
4.2. Animals and Experimental Design
4.3. Growth Performance and Sample Collection
(total number of piglets × number of days in the experiment)] × 100%.
4.4. Intestinal Morphology Analysis and TUNEL Staining
4.5. Serum and Mucosal Cytokines
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. LC-MS/MS Experiments
4.8. DDA Data Search and DIA Data Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | CTRL | LPS | PQQ + LPS | SEM | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial BW (kg) | 7.16 | 7.16 | 7.16 | 0.85 | 0.96 |
Final BW (kg) | 11.79 a | 10.05 b | 10.48 ab | 1.14 | 0.03 |
ADG (g) | 330.00 a | 237.00 b | 206.00 b | 0.05 | <0.01 |
ADFI (g) | 575.00 | 463.00 | 445.00 | 0.10 | 0.08 |
FCR | 1.76 | 2.35 | 1.92 | 0.62 | 0.33 |
Diarrhea index (%) | 1.98 b | 7.54 a | 4.37 ab | 0.33 | 0.02 |
Items | CTRL | LPS | PQQ + LPS | SEM | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
sDAO (U/mL) | 4.95 c | 6.02 a | 5.73 b | 0.06 | <0.01 |
sI-FABP (pg/mL) | 200.06 b | 234.82 a | 210.76 b | 5.58 | <0.01 |
sD-LA (nmol/mL) | 13.27 b | 14.40 ab | 14.95 a | 0.37 | 0.02 |
sALP (U/L) | 336.61 a | 224.97 b | 209.52 b | 18.06 | <0.01 |
mI-FABP (pg/mg) | 8.03 | 9.37 | 8.41 | 0.42 | 0.12 |
mD-LA (nmol/mg) | 0.86 a | 1.01 b | 1.02 b | 0.04 | 0.03 |
mTNF-α (pg/mg) | 18.69 b | 23.98 a | 20.60 b | 0.77 | <0.01 |
mTGF-β1 (pg/mg) | 15.59 | 15.20 | 13.79 | 1.46 | 0.67 |
mIFN-γ (pg/mg) | 9.36 b | 12.23 a | 10.85 ab | 0.47 | <0.01 |
mIL-1β (pg/mg) | 5.77 | 6.39 | 6.53 | 0.31 | 0.23 |
KEGG Term (p Value)/Protein Name | Gene Name | Protein ID in UniProt | Log2FC |
---|---|---|---|
Antigen processing and presentation (p = 0.002) | |||
MHC I6 | SLA-6 | A1YH88 | 1.53 |
MHC I2 | SLA-2 | A0A2S1PUH7 | −4.65 |
Cathepsin L1 | CTSL | Q28944 | −1.61 |
Apoptosis (p = 0.01) | |||
IgG heavy chain | IGHG | L8B139 | 1.64 |
Poly-Ig receptor | unknow | Q9N2H7 | 5.79 |
Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway (p = 0.02) | |||
IgG heavy chain | IGHG | L8B139 | 1.64 |
MKK3/6 | MAP2K6 | F1RV28 | −2 |
Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels (p = 0.008) | |||
MKK3/6 | MAP2K6 | F1RV28 | −2 |
Cytochrome P450 2C42 | CYP2C42 | I3LCZ8 | −2.89 |
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase | CAMK2G | A0A286ZKT1 | −2.26 |
Intestinal immune network for IgA production (p = 0.01) | |||
IgG heavy chain | IGHG | L8B139 | 1.64 |
Poly-Ig receptor | unknow | Q9N2H7 | 5.79 |
Tight junction (p = 0.01) | |||
MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5 | MPP5 | F1SA41 | 3.15 |
Claudin | CLDN7 | C3VPJ4 | −1.59 |
PATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component | PATJ | A0A287AG82 | −2.23 |
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Huang, C.; Yu, X.; Du, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Shi, C.; Li, A.; Wang, F. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis via the MKK3/6-P38 Pathway in a Piglet Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179723
Huang C, Yu X, Du Z, Zhu Z, Shi C, Li A, Wang F. Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis via the MKK3/6-P38 Pathway in a Piglet Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179723
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Caiyun, Xuanci Yu, Ziyuan Du, Zhihao Zhu, Chenyu Shi, Ang Li, and Fenglai Wang. 2024. "Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis via the MKK3/6-P38 Pathway in a Piglet Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179723