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Volume 25
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10.3390/ijms25189914
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Article

Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells

by
Hannah Rainer
1,
Alexandra Goretzki
1,
Yen-Ju Lin
1,
Hannah Ruth Schiller
2,
Maren Krause
1,
Sascha Döring
2,
Daniel Strecker
2,
Ann-Christine Junker
1,
Sonja Wolfheimer
1,
Masako Toda
3,
Stephan Scheurer
1 and
Stefan Schülke
1,2,*
1
Section Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
2
Section Research Allergology, Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
3
Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 9914; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189914
Submission received: 22 August 2024 / Revised: 10 September 2024 / Accepted: 11 September 2024 / Published: 13 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Allergy and Asthma: 3rd Edition)
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Abstract

In allergen-specific immunotherapy, adjuvants are explored for modulating allergen-specific Th2 immune responses to re-establish clinical tolerance. One promising class of adjuvants are β-glucans, which are naturally derived sugar structures and components of dietary fibers that activate C-type lectin (CLR)-, “Toll”-like receptors (TLRs), and complement receptors (CRs). We characterized the immune-modulating properties of six commercially available β-glucans, using immunological (receptor activation, cytokine secretion, and T cell modulating potential) as well as metabolic parameters (metabolic state) in mouse bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). All tested β-glucans activated the CLR Dectin-1a, whereas TLR2 was predominantly activated by Zymosan. Further, the tested β-glucans differentially induced mDC-derived cytokine secretion and activation of mDC metabolism. Subsequent analyses focusing on Zymosan, Zymosan depleted, β-1,3 glucan, and β-1,3 1,6 glucan revealed robust mDC activation with the upregulation of the cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), CD80, CD86, and MHCII to different extents. β-glucan-induced cytokine secretion was shown to be, in part, dependent on the activation of the intracellular Dectin-1 adapter molecule Syk. In co-cultures of mDCs with Th2-biased CD4+ T cells isolated from birch allergen Bet v 1 plus aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-sensitized mice, these four β-glucans suppressed allergen-induced IL-5 secretion, while only Zymosan and β-1,3 glucan significantly suppressed allergen-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion, suggesting the tested β-glucans to have distinct effects on mDC T cell priming capacity. Our experiments indicate that β-glucans have distinct immune-modulating properties, making them interesting adjuvants for future allergy treatment.
Keywords: β-glucan; adjuvants; immune metabolism; AIT β-glucan; adjuvants; immune metabolism; AIT

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rainer, H.; Goretzki, A.; Lin, Y.-J.; Schiller, H.R.; Krause, M.; Döring, S.; Strecker, D.; Junker, A.-C.; Wolfheimer, S.; Toda, M.; et al. Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189914

AMA Style

Rainer H, Goretzki A, Lin Y-J, Schiller HR, Krause M, Döring S, Strecker D, Junker A-C, Wolfheimer S, Toda M, et al. Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):9914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189914

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rainer, Hannah, Alexandra Goretzki, Yen-Ju Lin, Hannah Ruth Schiller, Maren Krause, Sascha Döring, Daniel Strecker, Ann-Christine Junker, Sonja Wolfheimer, Masako Toda, and et al. 2024. "Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 9914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189914

APA Style

Rainer, H., Goretzki, A., Lin, Y.-J., Schiller, H. R., Krause, M., Döring, S., Strecker, D., Junker, A.-C., Wolfheimer, S., Toda, M., Scheurer, S., & Schülke, S. (2024). Characterization of the Immune-Modulating Properties of Different β-Glucans on Myeloid Dendritic Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(18), 9914. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25189914

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