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Article

GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Glycine max

1
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2
School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
3
Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 334 Xueshan Road, Wenzhou 325005, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13311; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413311
Submission received: 16 November 2024 / Revised: 6 December 2024 / Accepted: 9 December 2024 / Published: 11 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Novel Techniques for Soybean Pivotal Characters)

Abstract

Legumes have the capability to form nodules that facilitate symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) with rhizobia. Given the substantial energy consumption during the process of SNF, legumes need to optimize nodule number in response to everchanging environmental scenarios. The TGACG BINDING FACTOR1/4 (TGA1/4) are key players in the basal immune response of plants. In this study, both β-glucuronidase staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that both GmbZIP4a and GmbZIP4b are inducible upon rhizobial inoculation. To investigate their roles further, we constructed gmbzip4a/b double mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Nodulation assessments revealed that these double mutants displayed a reduction in the number of infection threads, which subsequently resulted in a decreased nodule number. However, the processes associated with nodule development including nodule fresh weight, structural characteristics, and nitrogenase activity, remained unaffected in the double mutants. Subsequent transcriptome analyses revealed that zeatin biosynthesis was downregulated in gmbzip4a/b mutants post rhizobial inoculation. Supporting these findings, genes associated with cytokinin (CTK) signaling pathway were upregulated in Williams 82 (Wm82), but this upregulation was not observed in the double mutants after rhizobial treatment. These results suggest that GmbZIP4a/b positively influences nodule formation by promoting the activation of the CTK signaling pathway during the early stages of nodule formation.
Keywords: basic leucine zipper 4; cytokinin; soybean; nodule basic leucine zipper 4; cytokinin; soybean; nodule

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MDPI and ACS Style

Meng, Y.; Wang, N.; Wang, X.; Qiu, Z.; Kuang, H.; Guan, Y. GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Glycine max. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 13311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413311

AMA Style

Meng Y, Wang N, Wang X, Qiu Z, Kuang H, Guan Y. GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Glycine max. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(24):13311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413311

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meng, Yongjie, Nan Wang, Xin Wang, Zhimin Qiu, Huaqin Kuang, and Yuefeng Guan. 2024. "GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Glycine max" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 24: 13311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413311

APA Style

Meng, Y., Wang, N., Wang, X., Qiu, Z., Kuang, H., & Guan, Y. (2024). GmbZIP4a/b Positively Regulate Nodule Number by Affecting Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Glycine max. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(24), 13311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413311

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