Extraribosomal Functions of Bacterial Ribosomal Proteins—An Update, 2023
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Ribosome Structure and Functions
1.2. Arrangement of the r-Protein Genes on Bacterial Chromosomes
2. Moonlighting r-Proteins of the 30S Ribosomal Subunit
2.1. Multiple Activities of bS1
2.1.1. Structure and Unique Features of bS1
2.1.2. Functions of bS1 in Translation, Translational Control, Transcription, and RNA Decay
2.1.3. bS1 and Trans-Translation
2.1.4. Functions of bS1 during Infections with Bacteriophages
2.2. Functions of uS2 beyond the Ribosome
2.3. uS4, an Essential r-Protein Functioning in Ribosome Biogenesis, Translation, and Transcription
2.4. Ribosomal Proteins bS6 and bS18 Act in Tandem
2.5. A Key Primary Assembly r-Protein uS7 Is Bifunctional
2.6. uS8 Regulates the Longest spc Operon
2.7. uS10, an Essential Player in Transcription–Translation Coupling and Transcription Antitermination
2.8. uS15, a Translational Auto-Repressor in Various Bacterial Phyla
2.9. bS20, a Curious Case of a Regulatory Protein
2.10. bS21 and Heterogeneity of Ribosome Population
3. Multifunctional Proteins of the 50S Ribosomal Subunit
3.1. uL1 as a Widespread Autogenous Repressor
3.2. Multiple Activities of uL2
3.3. uL4 Is Multifunctional
3.4. bL7/12 and uL10 Form Pentameric Complex, Both on and beyond the Ribosome
3.5. Ribosomal and Extraribosomal Functions of bL9
3.6. uL13, a Novel Autogenous Repressor
3.7. bL20, an Autogenous Repressor in E. coli and B. subtilis
3.8. Autogenous Regulation of bL25
3.9. Dual Activity of bL31 and Its Paralog
4. Non-Specific Activities of Bacterial r-Proteins
4.1. Antimicrobial Activity
4.2. Ribosomal Proteins as Chaperons
4.3. Interactions of r-proteins with DNA
5. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aseev, L.V.; Koledinskaya, L.S.; Boni, I.V. Extraribosomal Functions of Bacterial Ribosomal Proteins—An Update, 2023. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052957
Aseev LV, Koledinskaya LS, Boni IV. Extraribosomal Functions of Bacterial Ribosomal Proteins—An Update, 2023. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(5):2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052957
Chicago/Turabian StyleAseev, Leonid V., Ludmila S. Koledinskaya, and Irina V. Boni. 2024. "Extraribosomal Functions of Bacterial Ribosomal Proteins—An Update, 2023" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5: 2957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052957