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Article

Harnessing Nature’s Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

by
Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte
1,
Kasun Godakumara
1,
Mihkel Mäesaar
2,
Gayandi Ekanayake
1,
Getnet Balcha Midekessa
1,3,
Madhusha Prasadani
1,
Suranga Kodithuwakku
1,4,
Mati Roasto
2,
Aneta Andronowska
5 and
Alireza Fazeli
1,2,6,*
1
Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
2
Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
3
Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
4
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
5
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Juliana Tuwima St. 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
6
Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4759; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094759
Submission received: 4 April 2024 / Revised: 19 April 2024 / Accepted: 22 April 2024 / Published: 26 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Agents: Natural Products or Synthetic Compounds)
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Abstract

Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges conventional antibiotics, prompting the search for alternatives. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from pasteurised cattle milk offer promise, due to their unique properties. This study investigates their efficacy against five pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, aiming to combat AMR and to develop new therapies. EVs were characterised and tested using various methods. Co-culture experiments with S. aureus showed significant growth inhibition, with colony-forming units decreasing from 2.4 × 105 CFU/mL (single dose) to 7.4 × 104 CFU/mL (triple doses) after 12 h. Milk EVs extended lag time (6 to 9 h) and increased generation time (2.8 to 4.8 h) dose-dependently, compared to controls. In conclusion, milk EVs exhibit dose-dependent inhibition against S. aureus, prolonging lag and generation times. Despite limitations, this suggests their potential in addressing AMR.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; extracellular vesicles; novel antimicrobials; pasteurised milk; antibacterial activity; dietary EVs Staphylococcus aureus; extracellular vesicles; novel antimicrobials; pasteurised milk; antibacterial activity; dietary EVs

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sapugahawatte, D.N.; Godakumara, K.; Mäesaar, M.; Ekanayake, G.; Midekessa, G.B.; Prasadani, M.; Kodithuwakku, S.; Roasto, M.; Andronowska, A.; Fazeli, A. Harnessing Nature’s Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 4759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094759

AMA Style

Sapugahawatte DN, Godakumara K, Mäesaar M, Ekanayake G, Midekessa GB, Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Roasto M, Andronowska A, Fazeli A. Harnessing Nature’s Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(9):4759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094759

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sapugahawatte, Dulmini Nanayakkara, Kasun Godakumara, Mihkel Mäesaar, Gayandi Ekanayake, Getnet Balcha Midekessa, Madhusha Prasadani, Suranga Kodithuwakku, Mati Roasto, Aneta Andronowska, and Alireza Fazeli. 2024. "Harnessing Nature’s Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 9: 4759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094759

APA Style

Sapugahawatte, D. N., Godakumara, K., Mäesaar, M., Ekanayake, G., Midekessa, G. B., Prasadani, M., Kodithuwakku, S., Roasto, M., Andronowska, A., & Fazeli, A. (2024). Harnessing Nature’s Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(9), 4759. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094759

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