Sensors, Volume 24, Issue 22

When an organism is exposed to environmental stimuli of varying intensity, the adaptive changes in the CNS can be explained by several conceptual provisions: the law of motivation–activation by Yerkes and Dodson, the laws of force and pessimal...

Venous blood collection is a widely used medical diagnostic technique, and with rapid advancements in robotics, robotic venous blood collection has the potential to replace traditional manual methods. The success of this robotic approach is heavily d...

The rapid growth of data streams, propelled by the proliferation of sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, presents significant challenges for real-time clustering of high-dimensional data. Traditional clustering algorithms struggle with high...

Degraded underwater images decrease the accuracy of underwater object detection. Existing research uses image enhancement methods to improve the visual quality of images, which may not be beneficial in underwater image detection and lead to serious d...

Aircraft pitot tubes are sophisticated instruments designed to detect airflow pressure and relay this information to onboard computers and flight instruments, enabling the calculation of airspeed through the measurement of total-static pressure diffe...

Landslides cause severe damage to life and property with a wide-ranging impact. Infiltration of rainfall is one of the significant factors leading to landslides. This paper reports on a phase creep landslide caused by long-term rainfall infiltration....

The growing integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices into various sectors like healthcare, transportation, and agriculture has dramatically increased their presence in everyday life. However, this rapid expansion has exposed new vulnerabilitie...

For solving the facial expression recognition (FER) problem, we introduce a novel feature extractor called the coordinate-based neighborhood attention mechanism (CNAM), which uses the coordinate attention (CA) method to capture the directional relati...

Solar photovoltaic systems have increasingly become essential for harvesting renewable energy. However, as these systems grow in prevalence, the issue of the end of life of modules is also increasing. Regular maintenance and inspection are vital to e...

Compressed sensing (CS) is an innovative signal acquisition and reconstruction technology that has broken through the limit of the Nyquist sampling theory. It is widely employed to optimize the measurement processes in various applications. One of th...

With the rapid development of IoT technology, securely querying sensitive data collected by devices within a specific range has become a focal concern for users. This paper proposes a privacy-preserving range query scheme based on quantum encryption,...

During the loading process, significant external position disturbances occur in the electro–hydraulic load simulation system. To address these position disturbances and effectively mitigate the impact of uncertainty on system performance, this...

This article discusses the issue of the joint use of neural network algorithms for data processing and deterministic mathematical models. The use of a new approach is proposed, to determine the discrepancy between data from a vibration monitoring sys...

LiDAR and cameras, often regarded as the “eyes” of intelligent driving vehicles, are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions like haze, rain, and snow, compromising driving safety. In order to solve this problem and enhance the environme...

Energy efficiency constitutes a pivotal performance indicator for 5G New Radio (NR) networks and beyond, and achieving optimal efficiency necessitates the meticulous consideration of trade-offs against other performance parameters, including latency,...

Seismic data acquired in the presence of mechanical vibrations or power facilities may be contaminated by strong interferences, significantly decreasing the data signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). Conventional methods, such as the notch filter and time-fre...

Recent advancements in large-scale video data have highlighted the growing need for efficient data compression techniques to enhance video processing performance. In this paper, we propose an afterimage-based video compression method that significant...

The increasing adoption of 2D/3D laser line sensors in industrial and research applications necessitates accurate and efficient simulation tools for tasks such as surface inspection, dimensional verification, and quality control. This paper presents...

The Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype Classification (FSPC) scale is widely used to categorize skin types but has limitations such as the underrepresentation of darker skin phototypes, low classification resolution, and subjectivity. These limitations may c...

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art UAV–based antennas and propagation measurements. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as powerful tools for in situ electromagnetic field assessments due to their flexibilit...

The fatigue allowance effectively mitigates declines in physiological state due to work fatigue. An appropriate allowance rate facilitates timely recovery for employees and serves as a crucial basis for labor quota formulation. In this paper, the act...

Accurate human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dielectric parameters are critical for biological electromagnetic applications such as the electromagnetic field modelling of the human brain, the localization and intensity assessment of electrical generators...

There are numerous methods in the literature for Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation, including both classical and machine learning-based approaches that jointly estimate the Number of Sources (NOS) and DOA. However, most of these methods do not fu...

With the rapid growth of smart sensors and industrial data, artificial intelligence (AI) technology (such as machine learning, machine vision, multi-sensor fusion, cloud computing, edge computing, digital twins, etc [...]

As the interface between frozen and unfrozen soil, the ice front is not only a spatial location concept, but also a potentially dangerous interface where the mechanical properties of soil could change abruptly. Accurately identifying its spatial posi...

The increased usage of IoT networks brings about new privacy risks, especially when intrusion detection systems (IDSs) rely on large datasets for machine learning (ML) tasks and depend on third parties for storing and training the ML-based IDS. This...

Optimizing the use of existing high-voltage transmission lines demands real-time condition monitoring to ensure structural integrity and continuous service. Operating these lines at the current capacity is limited by safety margins based on worst-cas...

Deep learning has become the preferred method for automated object detection, but the accurate detection of small objects remains a challenge due to the lack of distinctive appearance features. Most deep learning-based detectors do not exploit the te...

For binocular stereo matching techniques, the most advanced method currently is using an iterative structure based on GRUs. Methods in this class have shown high performance on both high-resolution images and standard benchmarks. However, simply repl...

With the wide application of the incremental launching method in bridges, the demand for real-time monitoring of launching displacement during bridge incremental launching construction has emerged. In this paper, we propose a machine vision-based rea...

The handicraft sector is often seen as a symbol of a country’s cultural identity, as it relies on specialized traditional techniques, skills, and knowledge that are often passed down through generations. As a result, ensuring the authenticity a...

Three-dimensional (3D) applications lead the digital transition toward more immersive and interactive multimedia technologies. Point clouds (PCs) are a fundamental element in capturing and rendering 3D digital environments, but they present significa...

Composite robots often encounter difficulties due to changes in illumination, external disturbances, reflective surface effects, and cumulative errors. These challenges significantly hinder their capabilities in environmental perception and the accur...

In the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), several methods have been employed, including the detection of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA), nucleocapsid (N) proteins, spike proteins, and antibodies. RNA detectio...

A standard measuring gas cell used in absorption spectrometers is a cylinder enclosed by two transparent windows. The Fabry–Perot effects caused by multiple reflections of terahertz waves between these windows produce significant variations in...

Electrolyte balance is essential for the proper functioning of the body, and imbalances can lead to various health issues, some of which may be life-threatening. Therefore, measuring electrolyte concentrations is becoming increasingly important, part...

Precise monitoring of NO_x concentrations in nitric oxide delivery systems is crucial to ensure the safety and well-being of patients undergoing inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Currently, NO_x sensing in commerci...

Emotion recognition enables machines to more acutely perceive and understand users’ emotional states, thereby offering more personalized and natural interactive experiences. Given the regularity of the responses of brain activity to human cogni...

For drone-based detection tasks, accurately identifying small-scale targets like people, bicycles, and pedestrians remains a key challenge. In this paper, we propose DV-DETR, an improved detection model based on the Real-Time Detection Transformer (R...

We have designed and built an improved system for combined Time-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (TD NIRS) and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) measurements. The system features two independent channels, enabling TD NIRS and DCS acquisition at...

Low-density foreign objects (LDFOs) in foods pose significant safety risks to consumers. Existing detection methods, such as metal and X-ray detectors, have limitations in identifying low-density and nonmetallic contaminants. To address these challen...

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are essential components in electronic devices, making defect detection crucial. PCB surface defects are diverse, complex, low in feature resolution, and often resemble the background, leading to detection challenges. Th...

Detecting objects in intricate scenes has always presented a significant challenge in the field of machine vision. Complex scenes typically refer to situations in images or videos where there are numerous densely distributed and mutually occluded obj...

Inductive proximity sensors are relevant in position-sensing applications in many industries but, in order to be used in harsh industrial environments, they need to be immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The use of conventional filters to m...

This study focuses on Scene Text Recognition (STR), which plays a crucial role in various applications of artificial intelligence such as image retrieval, office automation, and intelligent transportation systems. Currently, pre-trained vision-langua...

Wearable devices have revolutionized real-time health monitoring, yet challenges persist in enhancing their flexibility, weight, and accuracy. This paper presents the development of a wearable device employing a conductive polyacrylamide–lithiu...

As eyewear devices such as smart glasses become more common, it is important to provide input methods that can be used at all times for such situations and people. Silent speech interaction (SSI) has the potential to be useful as a hands-free input m...

Due to increasing traffic congestion, travel modeling has gained importance in the development of transportion mode detection (TMD) strategies over the past decade. Nowadays, recent smartphones, equipped with integrated inertial measurement units (IM...

Thin films based on tungsten oxide (WO₃) were grown by nanosecond pulsed laser deposition on alumina printed-circuit boards to fabricate electrochemical sensors for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) detection. Samples exposed to thermal annealing (400 °C fo...

Background and Purpose: This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of 12 sessions of patient-specific adaptive dynamic cycling (PSADC) versus non-adaptive cycling (NA) on motor function and mobility in individuals with Parkinson&rsq...