Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Ethics Approval
2.3. Sample Size
2.4. Participants
2.5. Procedures and Measures
- Lower limb strength. Feet together SLJ was used. Participants performed two attempts. The trial with the longest distance was considered for analysis. It was measured in cm using a PVC measuring tape (from the take-off line to the point where the back of the heel nearest to the take-off line landed on the ground) [40].
- Cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) was assessed using the 20-m shuttle run test. Participants ran between two lines separated by 20 m. Speed control was performed using an audio signal previously established. The test started at 8.5 km/h, and the speed increased by 0.5 km/h every minute. Participants started at the first audio signal or beep. The test finished when the participant stops due to fatigue or fails to reach the end line concurrent with the audio signal or beep on two consecutive occasions [41,42]. The last half stage completed was considered for analysis.
- Speed and agility (SA) was measured by the 4 × 10 m test [36]. Participants ran a distance back and forth between two lines 10 m apart taking three sponges alternately, as quickly as possible (covering a total distance of 40 m).
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population Characteristics
3.2. Bivariate Correlations between Variables
3.3. Fitness Test Predictive Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Boys | Girls | ||
N (%) | 108 (48) | 117 (52) | |
Median (IR) | Median (IR) | p | |
Age (years) | 13.00 (1.00) | 13.00 (1.00) | 0.758 |
Weight (kg) | 52.90 (20.95) | 49.80 (11.05) | 0.130 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.8 (5.4) | 20.40 (3.85) | 0.314 |
FM (kg) | 9.30 (7.65) | 13.5 (5.5) | <0.001 * |
FFM (kg) | 42.35 (16.1) | 36.60 (7.15) | <0.001 * |
HS (kg) | 29.15 (11.77) | 23.4 (6.95) | <0.001 * |
CF (stage) | 6.25 (3.87) | 4.00 (2.5) | <0.001 * |
SA (sec) | 11.36 (1.95) | 12.20 (1.95) | <0.001 * |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | |
Height (cm) | 161.80 (10.71) | 158.02 (7.03) | 0.002 † |
FM% (%) | 18.35 (9.55) | 26.1 (6.55) | <0.001 † |
SLJ (cm) | 168.5 (43) | 141 (30.5) | <0.001 † |
Low Weight (a) | Normal Weight (b) | Overweight and Obese (c) | |||||
N (%) | 5 (2.2) | 87 (38.7) | 133 (59.1) | ||||
Boys (1.7) | Girls (0.4) | Boys (19.1) | Girls (19.5) | Boys (27.1) | Girls (32.0) | ||
Median (IR) | Median (IR) | Median (IR) | p | ||||
Weight (kg) | 33.10 (8.65) | 45.80 (12.20) | 55.10 (14.80) | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 14.8 (0.85) | 17.50 (2.20) | 22.00 (3.25) | <0.001 (ab, ac, bc) * | |||
FM (kg) | 3.70 (3.00) | 8.10 (3.80) | 14.70 (5.70) | 0.003 (ab) * <0.001 (ac, bc) * | |||
FFM (kg) | 28.30 (6.60) | 36.80 (10.40) | 41.20 (11.30) | 0.008 (ab) * <0.001 (ac, bc) * | |||
HS (kg) | 24.10 (10.60) | 22.80 (8.70) | 26.5 (9.00) | 0.014 (bc) * | |||
CF (stage) | 6.00 (2.75) | 6.00 (4.00) | 4.50 (3.00) | <0.001 (bc) * | |||
SA (sec) | 11.76 (1.25) | 11.40 (1.80) | 12.00 (2.33) | 0.002 (bc) * | |||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | ||||
Height (cm) | 148.60 (9.98) | 159.94 (8.80) | 160.19 (9.17) | ||||
FM% | 14.30 (3.58) | 19.17 (4.69) | 26.90 (5.56) | 0.035 (ab) † 0.001 (ac) † <0.001 (bc) † | |||
SLJ (cm) | 160.00 (21.71) | 160.59 (31.29) | 148.73 (26.44) | 0.004 (bc) † |
Boys | Girls | ||
N (%) | 61 (45.9) | 72 (54.1) | |
Median (IR) | Median (IR) | p | |
Weight (kg) | 61.50 (17.10) | 53.25 (12.27) | 0.002 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.10 (3.25) | 21.90 (3.50) | 0.385 |
FM (kg) | 13.90 (5.85) | 15.30 (4.95) | 0.020 * |
FFM (kg) | 45.90 (13.35) | 37.90 (7.23) | <0.001 * |
HS (kg) | 30.50 (10.70) | 24.20 (8.25) | <0.001 * |
CF (stage) | 5.00 (3.50) | 3.75 (2.00) | <0.001 * |
SA (sec) | 11.50 (2.53) | 12.45 (2.12) | <0.001 * |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p | |
Height (cm) | 163.18 (10.14) | 157.6 (7.44) | 0.001 † |
FM% | 23.90 (5.01) | 29.45 (4.67) | <0.001 † |
SLJ (cm) | 158.54 (29.10) | 140.42 (20.78) | <0.001 † |
BMI (kg/m2) | FM% | FM (kg) | FFM (kg) | SLJ (cm) | SA (sec) | CF (stage) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All participants | |||||||
FM% | 0.682 ** | ||||||
FM (kg) | 0.894 ** | 0.882 ** | |||||
FFM (kg) | 0.626 ** | 0.017 | 0.448 ** | ||||
SLJ (cm) | −0.148 | −0.526 ** | −0.342 ** | 0.272 ** | |||
SA (sec) | 0.093 | 0.406 ** | 0.232 ** | −0.287 ** | −0.527 ** | ||
CF (Stage) | −0.233 ** | −0.563 ** | −0.421 ** | 0.162 | 0.583 ** | −0.563 ** | |
HS (kg) | 0.334 ** | −0.118 | 0.185 ** | 0.637 ** | 0.375 ** | −0.312 ** | 0.298 ** |
Boys | |||||||
FM% | 0.748 ** | ||||||
FM (kg) | 0.945 ** | 0.868 ** | |||||
FFM (kg) | 0.724 ** | 0.194 | 0.631 ** | ||||
SLJ (cm) | −0.151 | −0.509 ** | −0.276 ** | 0.196 | |||
SA (sec) | 0.056 | 0.382 ** | 0.178 | −0.262 ** | −0.605 ** | ||
CF (Stage) | −0.235 | −0.545 ** | −0.353 ** | 0.137 | 0.627 ** | −0.529 ** | |
HS (kg) | 0.420 ** | −0.055 | 0.286 ** | 0.670 ** | 0.446 ** | −0.417 ** | 0.374 ** |
Girls | |||||||
FM% | 0.811 ** | ||||||
FM (kg) | 0.907 ** | 0.907 ** | |||||
FFM (kg) | 0.658 ** | 0.350 ** | 0.674 ** | ||||
SLJ (cm) | −0.057 | −0.219 | −0.109 | 0.171 | |||
SA (sec) | 0.050 | 0.183 | 0.050 | −0.251 ** | −0.337 ** | ||
CF (Stage) | −0.184 | −0.222 | −0.216 | −0.073 | 0.321 ** | −0.486 ** | |
HS (kg) | 0.336 ** | 0.243 * | 0.416 ** | 0.502 ** | 0.175 | −0.114 | 0.026 |
Normal-weight adolescents | |||||||
FM% | 0.253 ** | ||||||
FM (kg) | 0.670 ** | 0.804 ** | |||||
FFM (kg) | 0.432 ** | −0.383 ** | 0.094 | ||||
SLJ (cm) | 0.165 | −0.571 ** | −0.301 ** | 0.478 ** | |||
SA (sec) | −0.338 ** | 0.268 * | −0.013 | −0.439 ** | −0.497 ** | ||
CF (Stage) | 0.096 | −0.604 ** | −0.389 ** | 0.350 ** | 0.662 ** | −0.519 ** | |
HS (kg) | 0.438 ** | −0.373 ** | 0.033 | 0.702 ** | 0.608 ** | −0.455 ** | 0.445 ** |
Obese and overweight adolescents | |||||||
FM% | 0.439 ** | ||||||
FM (kg) | 0.791 ** | 0.772 ** | |||||
FFM (kg) | 0.568 ** | −0.277 ** | 0.339 ** | ||||
SLJ (cm) | −0.082 | −0.499 ** | −0.306 ** | 0.289 ** | |||
SA (sec) | 0.038 | 0.469 ** | 0.248 * | −0.348 ** | −0.543 ** | ||
CF (Stage) | −0.090 | −0.493 ** | −0.309 ** | 0.236 ** | 0.523 ** | −0.590 ** | |
HS (kg) | 0.302 ** | −0.223 * | 0.148 | 0.594 ** | 0.292 ** | −0.292 ** | 0.311 ** |
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Mendoza-Muñoz, M.; Adsuar, J.C.; Pérez-Gómez, J.; Muñoz-Bermejo, L.; Garcia-Gordillo, M.Á.; Carlos-Vivas, J. Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents. Medicina 2020, 56, 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070328
Mendoza-Muñoz M, Adsuar JC, Pérez-Gómez J, Muñoz-Bermejo L, Garcia-Gordillo MÁ, Carlos-Vivas J. Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents. Medicina. 2020; 56(7):328. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070328
Chicago/Turabian StyleMendoza-Muñoz, María, José Carmelo Adsuar, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Laura Muñoz-Bermejo, Miguel Ángel Garcia-Gordillo, and Jorge Carlos-Vivas. 2020. "Influence of Body Composition on Physical Fitness in Adolescents" Medicina 56, no. 7: 328. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070328