Prognostic Markers of Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. MDS Classification
2.1. MDS-Like Idiopathic Changes of Indeterminate Potential
2.2. The FAB Classification
2.3. The WHO Classification
3. Genetic Changes in MDS
3.1. Mutations to Components of the Splicing Machinery in MDS
3.2. Mutations in Epigenetic Regulatory Systems in MDS
3.3. Mutations to TP53 in MDS
3.4. Inherited Mutations in MDS
4. Secondary MDS
5. Prognostic Systems for MDS
5.1. The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS)
5.2. The Revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R)
5.2.1. “Very Good”
5.2.2. “Good”
5.2.3. “Intermediate”
5.2.4. “Poor” and “Very Poor”
5.3. The WHO Classification-Based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS)
6. MiRNA in the Prognosis of MDS
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Region | CHIP | MDS De Novo | Secondary AML | t-MDS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRAS | 1p13 | 10 | 12 | ||
SF3B1 | 2q33 | 18–35 | 20–35 | 8 | |
DNMT3A | 2p23 | 12–18 | 10–15 | 10 | |
IDH1 | 2q33 | <5 | 13 | 5 | |
GATA2 | 3q21 | <5 | <5 | ||
TET2 | 4q24 | 20–25 | 20–35 | 17 | |
del(5q) | 25 | 6 | 25 | ||
der (5;17)(p10;q10) | <1 | ||||
EZH2 | 7q36 | 7 | 5-10 | 10 | |
−7/del(7q) | 1–8 | 10 | 5–15 | 35 | |
der (1;7)(q10;p10) | <1 | 3 | |||
+8 | 1–13 | 20 | 10 | 10 | |
JAK2 | 9p24 | 5 | 13 | ||
del(11q) | <5 | 4 | |||
+11 | <1 | ||||
CBL | 11q23 | <5 | <5 | ||
ETV6 | 12p13 | <5 | <5 | ||
KRAS | 12p12 | 1–10 | |||
del(12p)/der(12p) | <5 | 6 | |||
−13/del(13q) | <5 | 4 | |||
+14/14q | <1 | ||||
IDH2 | 15q26 | 5 | 9–25 | ||
SRSF2 | 17q25 | 10 | 10–20 | ||
TP53 | 17p13 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 35 |
PRPF8 | 17p13 | 1–4 | <5 | ||
iso(17q)/der(17p) | <5 | 7 | |||
−18 | 9 | ||||
CEBPA | 19q13 | 1–4 | <5 | ||
ASXL1 | 20q11 | 10–25 | 10–25 | 35–40 | |
del(20q) | <10 | 2 | 5 | ||
RUNX1 | 21q22 | 15 | 10–15 | 20 | |
U2AF1 | 21q22 | 8–10 | <10 | ||
−21/+21 | <1 | 7 | 5 | ||
STAG2 | Xq25 | <10 | |||
ZRSR2 | Xp22.2 | <10 | |||
−X | <1 | ||||
ATRX | X | <1 | |||
−Y | 1–6 | <5 | 2 |
French-American-British classification (FAB) (1982) | World Health Organization Classification (WHO) (1999–2001–2008–2016) |
---|---|
1. Refractory anemia (RA) | 1. MDS with single-lineage dysplasia: refractory anemia (MDS-SLD) |
2. Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) | 2. MDS with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) |
3. Refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) | 3. MDS with ringed sideroblasts and single-lineage dysplasia (MDS-RS-SLD) |
4. Refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBt) | 4. MDS with ringed sideroblasts and multilineage dysplasia (MDS-RS-MLD) |
5. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) | 5. MDS with an isolated deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (del(5q)) |
6. MDS with excess of blasts–1 (MDS-EB-1) | |
7. MDS with excess of blasts–2 (MDS-EB-2) | |
8. Unclassifiable MDS (MDS-U) | |
9. Refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) |
Very Good | Good | Intermediate | Poor | Very Poor |
---|---|---|---|---|
−Y; del(11q) | normal karyotype; del(5q); double aberrations including del(5q), del(12p), del(20q) | del(7q); +8; +19; i(17q); any other, independent clones | −7; inv(3)/t(3q)/del(3q); double aberration with −7/7q-; complex karyotypes with 3 abnormalities | Complex karyotypes with >3 abnormalities |
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Veryaskina, Y.A.; Titov, S.E.; Kovynev, I.B.; Pospelova, T.I.; Zhimulev, I.F. Prognostic Markers of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Medicina 2020, 56, 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080376
Veryaskina YA, Titov SE, Kovynev IB, Pospelova TI, Zhimulev IF. Prognostic Markers of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Medicina. 2020; 56(8):376. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080376
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeryaskina, Yuliya Andreevna, Sergei Evgenievich Titov, Igor Borisovich Kovynev, Tatiana Ivanovna Pospelova, and Igor Fyodorovich Zhimulev. 2020. "Prognostic Markers of Myelodysplastic Syndromes" Medicina 56, no. 8: 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080376