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Case Report

Adrenal Tumors in Young Adults: Case Reports and Literature Review

by
Małgorzata Zdrojewska
1,*,
Emilia Mech-Siebieszuk
1,
Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska
1,
Bartosz Regent
2,
Michał Kunc
3,
Łukasz Zdrojewski
4 and
Krzysztof Sworczak
1
1
Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
2
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
4
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2022, 58(6), 746; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060746
Submission received: 20 April 2022 / Revised: 27 May 2022 / Accepted: 27 May 2022 / Published: 30 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology)

Abstract

The current high detection rate of adrenal tumors (4–10% of general population) is attributable to a widespread use of variety of imaging studies, especially a computed tomography. Most of them represent clinically silent and biologically indolent incidentalomas, but some adrenal tumors may pose a significant clinical challenge. Thus, in every patient with an adrenal tumor, a decision on further management is made after careful hormonal and radiological evaluation. All hormonally active tumors and those with radiological features suggesting malignancy are qualified for surgery. Approximately 80% of adrenal tumors are adrenocortical adenomas, hypertrophy, or nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. Other histopathological diagnoses include pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, metastases, mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas, cysts, and ganglioneuromas. Adrenal tumors are more commonly diagnosed and better studied in elderly patients. In younger patients, under 40 years old, focal adrenal lesions are relatively rare, and histological distribution of diagnoses differs from that in elderly individuals. Younger patients are more likely to display endocrine symptoms, which raise the suspicion of an adrenal mass. In the current study, we present a case series of seven adrenal tumors occurring in young patients. The cases presented below, along with the literature review, demonstrate that the diagnosis and treatment of adrenal tumors are crucial due to endocrinopathy-derived complications and a potential risk of malignancy.
Keywords: adrenal tumor; pheochromocytoma; paraganglioma; endothelial cysts; lymphangioma adrenal tumor; pheochromocytoma; paraganglioma; endothelial cysts; lymphangioma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zdrojewska, M.; Mech-Siebieszuk, E.; Świątkowska-Stodulska, R.; Regent, B.; Kunc, M.; Zdrojewski, Ł.; Sworczak, K. Adrenal Tumors in Young Adults: Case Reports and Literature Review. Medicina 2022, 58, 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060746

AMA Style

Zdrojewska M, Mech-Siebieszuk E, Świątkowska-Stodulska R, Regent B, Kunc M, Zdrojewski Ł, Sworczak K. Adrenal Tumors in Young Adults: Case Reports and Literature Review. Medicina. 2022; 58(6):746. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zdrojewska, Małgorzata, Emilia Mech-Siebieszuk, Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska, Bartosz Regent, Michał Kunc, Łukasz Zdrojewski, and Krzysztof Sworczak. 2022. "Adrenal Tumors in Young Adults: Case Reports and Literature Review" Medicina 58, no. 6: 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060746

APA Style

Zdrojewska, M., Mech-Siebieszuk, E., Świątkowska-Stodulska, R., Regent, B., Kunc, M., Zdrojewski, Ł., & Sworczak, K. (2022). Adrenal Tumors in Young Adults: Case Reports and Literature Review. Medicina, 58(6), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060746

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