Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Oxidative Stress after Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Treatment in an Experimental Model of Retrograde Rat Perfusion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Ethical Concerns
2.2. Animals
2.3. Two-Dimensional Echocardiography of Rat Heart In Vivo
- Interventricular septal wall thickness at end-diastoles (IVSds) and end-systoles (IVSs);
- Left ventricle (LV) internal dimension at end-diastoles (LVIDds) and end-systoles (LVIDs);
- LV posterior wall thickness at end-diastoles (LVPWds) and end-systoles (LVPWs);
- Fractional shortening (FS) percentage.
2.4. Retrograde Perfusion of Rat Heart
2.5. Measuring of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress
2.5.1. Nitrite (NO2−) Determination
2.5.2. Superoxide Anion Radical Determination (O2−)
2.5.3. Index of Lipid Peroxidation (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, TBARS)
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. LV Function using Echocardiography In Vivo
3.2. Coronary Flow (CF)
3.3. Nitrite Outflow (NO2−)
3.4. Superoxide Anion Production (O2−)
3.5. Index of Lipid Peroxidation (TBARS Production)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tadalafil Group (n = 12) | Vardenafil Group (n = 12) | |
---|---|---|
IVSd | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.20 ± 0.01 |
LVIDd | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.03 |
PWd | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 |
IVSs | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.02 |
LVIDs | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.43 ± 0.01 |
PWs | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.01 |
FS | 39.15 ± 3.02 | 39.00 ± 2.34 |
EF | 61.94 ± 3.21 | 62.28 ± 4.45 |
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Krivokapic, M.; Alisultanovich Omarov, I.; Zivkovic, V.; Nikolic Turnic, T.; Jakovljevic, V. Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Oxidative Stress after Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Treatment in an Experimental Model of Retrograde Rat Perfusion. Medicina 2023, 59, 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030458
Krivokapic M, Alisultanovich Omarov I, Zivkovic V, Nikolic Turnic T, Jakovljevic V. Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Oxidative Stress after Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Treatment in an Experimental Model of Retrograde Rat Perfusion. Medicina. 2023; 59(3):458. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030458
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrivokapic, Milos, Israpil Alisultanovich Omarov, Vladimir Zivkovic, Tamara Nikolic Turnic, and Vladimir Jakovljevic. 2023. "Changes in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Oxidative Stress after Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitor Treatment in an Experimental Model of Retrograde Rat Perfusion" Medicina 59, no. 3: 458. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030458