The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Flow Cytometry
2.2. Exercise Training
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibody | Cell Type | Fluorophore | Clone | Isotype |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-rat CD4 antibody | T cell | FITC | RM4-5 | Mouse IgG2a K |
Anti-rat CD56 antibody | NK cell | PE | NCAM-1 | Mouse IgG1 K |
Anti-rat CD19 antibody | B cell | APC | SJ25C1 | Mouse IgG1 K |
Group | Median (Min–Max) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
WBC/mm3 | CG | 7.41 (6.16–9.35) ab | 0.003 * |
CG + IF | 5.26 (0.00–8.28) b | ||
CG + E | 7.85 (6.26–10.65) ab | ||
CG + IF + E | 6.92 (4.50–9.05) ab | ||
HFD | 8.36 (5.40–13.27) ab | ||
HFD + IF | 9.67 (6.86–13.01) a | ||
HFD + E | 11.04 (8.35–14.45) a | ||
HFD + IF + E | 10.18 (6.85–11.82) a | ||
CG | 1.23 (0.98–1.45) c | 0.001 * | |
CG + IF | 1.16 (0.42–2.15) c | ||
CG + E | 1.40 (0.95–1.96) c | ||
Lymphocyte/mm3 | CG + IF + E | 1.04 (0.60–1.48) c | |
HFD | 0.18 (0.10–0.41) d | ||
HFD + IF | 2.07 (1.48–2.93) ab | ||
HFD + E | 2.24 (1.39–2.78) a | ||
HFD + IF + E | 2.32 (1.63–2.72) a | ||
Neutrophils/mm3 | CG | 3.60 (2.64–5.58) | 0.115 |
CG + IF | 2.81 (0.42–4.30) | ||
CG + E | 3.77 (2.19–5.50) | ||
CG + IF + E | 3.64 (2.21–4.86) | ||
HFD | 3.98 (2.08–6.09) | ||
HFD + IF | 4.34 (2.97–6.13) | ||
HFD + E | 5.37 (4.09–7.62) | ||
HFD + IF + E | 4.39 (2.53–5.42) | ||
Basophils/mm3 | CG | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.723 |
CG + IF | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | ||
CG + E | 0.02 (0.01–0.07) | ||
CG + IF + E | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | ||
HFD | 0.03 (0.00–0.08) | ||
HFD + IF | 0.03 (0.02–0.05) | ||
HFD + E | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | ||
HFD + IF + E | 0.03 (0.01–0.07) | ||
T-helper(CD4)/mm3 | CG | 0.49 (0.40–0.59) bcd | 0.001 * |
CG + IF | 0.15 (0.03–0.26) d | ||
CG + E | 0.57 (0.36–0.84) abcd | ||
CG + IF + E | 0.43 (0.23–0.64) cd | ||
HFD | 0.68 (0.28–1.30) abc | ||
HFD + IF | 0.85 (0.44–1.27) ab | ||
HFD + E | 0.96 (0.59–1.16) a | ||
HFD + IF + E | 1.00 (0.70–1.17) a |
Group | Median (Min–Max) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
CG | 0.16 (0.13–0.20) bc | 0.001 * | |
CG + IF | 0.16 (0.05–0.30) c | ||
CG + E | 0.27 (0.16–0.42) abc | ||
B-Lymphocyte /mm3 | CG + IF + E | 0.14 (0.08–0.20) c | |
HFD | 0.18 (0.10–0.41) abc | ||
HFD + IF | 0.28 (0.10–0.30) abc | ||
HFD + E | 0.30 (0.20–0.41) ab | ||
HFD + IF + E | 0.32 (0.22–0.38) a | ||
CG | 0.23 (0.19–0.30) bcd | 0.001 * | |
CG + IF | 0.15 (0.03–0.26) d | ||
CG + E | 0.27 (0.16–0.42) cd | ||
Monocytes/mm3 | CG + IF + E | 0.19 (0.11–0.32) abcd | |
HFD | 0.29 (0.14–0.57) abcd | ||
HFD + IF | 0.39 (0.28–0.64) abc | ||
HFD + E | 0.42 (0.27–0.60) ab | ||
HFD + IF + E | 0.46 (0.28–0.59) a | ||
CG | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.169 | |
CG + IF | 0.01 ± 0.05 | ||
CG + E | 0.04 ± 0.15 | ||
Eosinophils/mm3 | CG + IF + E | 0.02 ± 0.04 | |
HFD | 0.02 ± 0.01 | ||
HFD + IF | 0.03 ± 0.21 | ||
HFD + E | 0.00 ± 0.05 | ||
HFD + IF + E | 0.00 ± 0.00 | ||
CG | 0.23 ± 0.03 b | 0.001 * | |
CG + IF | 0.18 ± 0.12 b | ||
CG + E | 0.25 ± 0.06 b | ||
Naturel killer/mm3 | CG + IF + E | 0.20 ± 0.027 b | |
HFD | 7.02 ± 3.45 a | ||
HFD + IF | 0.38 ± 0.10 b | ||
HFD + E | 0.45 ± 0.09 b | ||
HFD + IF + E | 0.44 ± 0.07 b | ||
CG | 270.50 ± 7.92 c | 0.001 * | |
HFD | 385.92 ± 5.27 a | ||
Live weight (g) | HFD + IF | 297.71 ± 5.71 b | |
HFD +E | 299.90 ± 5.80 b | ||
HFD + IF +E | 275.33 ± 7.98 c |
Group | p | ||
---|---|---|---|
IGF-1 (pg/mL) | CG | 115.598 ± 33.205 | 0.126 |
CG + IF | 128.901 ± 37.909 | ||
CG + E | 80.644 ± 38.623 | ||
CG + IF + E | 115.962 ± 37.044 | ||
HFD | 76.563 ± 33.614 | ||
HFD + IF | 104.141 ± 21.587 | ||
HFD + E | 97.290 ± 57.474 | ||
HFD + IF + E | 170.503 ± 70.075 | ||
TNF-α (pg/mL) | CG | 14.633 ± 4.966 c | 0.012 * |
CG + IF | 17.817 ± 4.042 bc | ||
CG + E | 22.250 (12.900–24.300) bc | ||
CG + IF + E | 21.533 ± 9.369 b | ||
HFD | 28.200 ± 4.525 a | ||
HFD + IF | 22.017 ± 3.036 b | ||
HFD + E | 17.867 ± 4.622 bc | ||
HFD + IF + E | 18.217 ± 1.747 bc | ||
IL-4 (pg/mL) | CG | 31.769 ± 18.280 | 0.473 |
CG + IF | 22.165 ± 9.819 | ||
CG + E | 23.392 ± 11.657 | ||
CG + IF + E | 37.923 ± 13.686 | ||
HFD | 29.578 ± 8.051 | ||
HFD + IF | 25.854 ± 12.010 | ||
HFD + E | 24.892 ± 9.565 | ||
HFD + IF + E | 25.467 ± 7.925 | ||
IL-12 (pg/mL) | CG | 2.181 ± 1.781 | 0.447 |
CG + IF | 1.948 ± 0.230 | ||
CG + E | 2.432 ± 1.394 | ||
CG + IF + E | 2.282 ± 0.737 | ||
HFD | 2.282 ± 1.048 | ||
HFD + IF | 2.086 ± 1.323 | ||
HFD + E | 1.989 ± 0.786 | ||
HFD + IF + E | 2.853 ± 1.696 | ||
IL-10 (pg/mL) | CG | 151.307 ± 19.408 e | 0.001 * |
CG + IF | 200.495 ± 19.416 d | ||
CG + E | 194.117 ± 27.545 d | ||
CG + IF + E | 231.958 ± 37.695 c | ||
HFD | 240.428 ± 13.687 c | ||
HFD + IF | 330.343 ± 21.373 b | ||
HFD + E | 336.845 ± 18.980 b | ||
HFD + IF + E | 402.237 ± 17.589 a | ||
IL-1β (pg/mL) | CG | 573.107 ± 77.924 | 0.211 |
CG + IF | 490.470 ± 90.677 | ||
CG + E | 498.572 ± 213.88 | ||
CG + IF + E | 410.527 ± 149.49 | ||
HFD | 515.736 ± 100.42 | ||
HFD + IF | 412.719 ± 137.27 | ||
HFD + E | 456.762 ± 147.04 | ||
HFD + IF + E | 557.773 ± 69.516 |
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Günbatar, N.; Bulduk, B.; Bezgin, S.; Oto, G.; Bayıroğlu, F.; Bulduk, M. The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet. Medicina 2023, 59, 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091687
Günbatar N, Bulduk B, Bezgin S, Oto G, Bayıroğlu F, Bulduk M. The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet. Medicina. 2023; 59(9):1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091687
Chicago/Turabian StyleGünbatar, Nizamettin, Bahattin Bulduk, Selver Bezgin, Gökhan Oto, Fahri Bayıroğlu, and Mehmet Bulduk. 2023. "The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet" Medicina 59, no. 9: 1687. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091687