Epigenetics in Glaucoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epigenetic Modifications in Glaucoma
2.1. Hypoxia-Induced Changes—DNA Methylation
2.2. Post-Translational Histone Modifications
2.3. RNA-Associated Gene Regulation by Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs)
2.4. M6A Methylation
- Glaucoma is considered a “genetically complex trait”, with a growing number of identified related genes.
- Genetic variations alone only can only explain a limited fraction of cases.
- External factors can interact with the genetic background through epigenetic mechanisms.
- The major better-defined epigenetic mechanisms related to glaucoma act through: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs.
- Identification of epigenetic mechanisms related to glaucoma may lead to alternative therapeutic approaches.
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Glaucoma Subtype | Transmission | Protein |
---|---|---|---|
MYOC | POAG, NTG | AD | Myocilin |
OPTN | NTG, POAG | AD | Optineurin |
WDR36 | POAG | WD repeat domain 36 | |
ASB10 | POAG | AD | Ankyrin repeat and SOCS-box containing 10 |
CYP1B1 | POAG, CONG G, JUV G, ASD | AR | Cytochrome P450 family 1, subtype B, polypeptide 1 |
EFEMP1 | POAG | AD | EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 |
NTF4 | POAG | Neurotrophin 4 | |
OPA1 | POAG | Mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase |
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D’Esposito, F.; Gagliano, C.; Bloom, P.A.; Cordeiro, M.F.; Avitabile, A.; Gagliano, G.; Costagliola, C.; Avitabile, T.; Musa, M.; Zeppieri, M. Epigenetics in Glaucoma. Medicina 2024, 60, 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060905
D’Esposito F, Gagliano C, Bloom PA, Cordeiro MF, Avitabile A, Gagliano G, Costagliola C, Avitabile T, Musa M, Zeppieri M. Epigenetics in Glaucoma. Medicina. 2024; 60(6):905. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060905
Chicago/Turabian StyleD’Esposito, Fabiana, Caterina Gagliano, Philip Anthony Bloom, Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, Ciro Costagliola, Teresio Avitabile, Mutali Musa, and Marco Zeppieri. 2024. "Epigenetics in Glaucoma" Medicina 60, no. 6: 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60060905