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Article

Perceived Opportunities for Physical Activity and Willingness to Be More Active in Older Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels

by
Eeva Aartolahti
1,2,*,
Johanna Eronen
1,3,
Timo Törmäkangas
1,3,
Taina Rantanen
1,3,
Mirja Hirvensalo
1,
Lotta Palmberg
1,3,
Heidi Skantz
1,3,
Anne Viljanen
1,3,
Erja Portegijs
1,3,
Susanne Iwarsson
4 and
Merja Rantakokko
2
1
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
2
Institute of Rehabilitation, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, FI-40100 Jyväskylä, Finland
3
Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
4
Department of Health Sciences & Centre for Ageing and Supportive Environments (CASE), Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 6146; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116146
Submission received: 5 May 2021 / Revised: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 4 June 2021 / Published: 7 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active and Healthy Ageing)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study examined equity in physical activity (PA) by investigating whether perceived opportunity for PA was associated with willingness to be more active. Among community residents (75, 80, or 85 years old, n = 962) perceived opportunity for PA (poor and good), willingness to be more active (not at all, a bit, and a lot), and level of PA (low, moderate, and high) were assessed via questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression showed that physical activity moderated the association between poor opportunity and willingness to increase PA. Among those with moderate PA, poor opportunity for PA increased the odds of willingness to be a lot more active (multinomial odds ratio, mOR 3.90, 95% confidence interval 2.21–6.87) than not wanting to be more active compared to those perceiving good opportunities. Associations were similar at high PA levels (p < 0.001), but were not found at low PA levels. Those with moderate or high PA wish to increase their activity particularly when the perceived opportunities for activity are not optimal. Among those with low PA, perceived opportunities are not associated with a perceived need to increase physical activity. Increasing equity in physical activity in old age requires provision of support and opportunities at every level of physical activity.
Keywords: equity; unmet need; physical function; aging; exercise equity; unmet need; physical function; aging; exercise

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Aartolahti, E.; Eronen, J.; Törmäkangas, T.; Rantanen, T.; Hirvensalo, M.; Palmberg, L.; Skantz, H.; Viljanen, A.; Portegijs, E.; Iwarsson, S.; et al. Perceived Opportunities for Physical Activity and Willingness to Be More Active in Older Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116146

AMA Style

Aartolahti E, Eronen J, Törmäkangas T, Rantanen T, Hirvensalo M, Palmberg L, Skantz H, Viljanen A, Portegijs E, Iwarsson S, et al. Perceived Opportunities for Physical Activity and Willingness to Be More Active in Older Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):6146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116146

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aartolahti, Eeva, Johanna Eronen, Timo Törmäkangas, Taina Rantanen, Mirja Hirvensalo, Lotta Palmberg, Heidi Skantz, Anne Viljanen, Erja Portegijs, Susanne Iwarsson, and et al. 2021. "Perceived Opportunities for Physical Activity and Willingness to Be More Active in Older Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116146

APA Style

Aartolahti, E., Eronen, J., Törmäkangas, T., Rantanen, T., Hirvensalo, M., Palmberg, L., Skantz, H., Viljanen, A., Portegijs, E., Iwarsson, S., & Rantakokko, M. (2021). Perceived Opportunities for Physical Activity and Willingness to Be More Active in Older Adults with Different Physical Activity Levels. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116146

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