The Burden of Pediatric Visual Impairment and Ocular Diagnoses in Barbados
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
Visual Impairment
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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World Health Organization Category of Visual Impairment | Best Corrected Visual Acuity in the Better Eye |
---|---|
Normal Vision | Better than 6/12 |
Mild visual impairment | 6/12–6/18 |
Moderate visual impairment | <6/18–6/60 |
Severe visual impairment | <6/60–3/60 |
Blindness | Worse than 3/60 |
Origin of First Referral to Eye Clinic | Number of Children (n) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Schools Eye Service | 1467 | 44.8 |
Interdepartmental (QEH) referral | 292 | 8.9 |
Polyclinic referral | 201 | 6.1 |
Private pediatrician | 98 | 2.9 |
Self-referral | 48 | 1.5 |
Private ophthalmologist | 36 | 1.1 |
Accident and Emergency Department (QEH) | 19 | 0.6 |
Unknown/undocumented | 1117 | 34.1 |
Total | 3278 | 100.0 |
WHO Category for Visual Impairment | Number of Children (n) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Mild | 62 | 77.5 |
Moderate | 16 | 20.0 |
Severe | 0 | 0 |
Blindness | 2 | 2.5 |
Total | 80 | 100.0 |
Age Group | ||
Preschool (0–<5) | 31 | 38.75 |
School age (5–<12) | 42 | 52.50 |
Older children (12–18) | 7 | 8.75 |
Total | 80 | 100.00 |
Disease Entity/Diagnosis | Number of Children (n) |
---|---|
Refractive Error * | 70 |
Strabismus * | 22 |
Allergic Eye Disease * | 16 |
Amblyopia | 50 |
Corneal Disease *: | |
● Keratoconus | 2 |
● Dry eye disease | 1 |
● Corneal abrasion | 1 |
Glaucoma *: | |
● Primary open angle glaucoma | 3 |
● Juvenile open angle glaucoma | 1 |
Cataract *: | |
● Congenital cataract | 2 |
Uveitis *: | |
● Traumatic iritis | 1 |
Retinal Diseases: | |
● Retinitis pigmentosa | 1 |
Other: | |
● Nystagmus | 3 |
● Bilateral aphakia * | 1 |
● Ectopia lentis * | 1 |
● Unknown | 1 |
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Da Silva, K.; Dowell, M.; Savatovsky, E.J.; Grosvenor, D.; Callender, D.; Campbell, M.H.; Hambleton, I.; Vanner, E.A.; Grajewski, A.L.; Chang, T.C. The Burden of Pediatric Visual Impairment and Ocular Diagnoses in Barbados. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166554
Da Silva K, Dowell M, Savatovsky EJ, Grosvenor D, Callender D, Campbell MH, Hambleton I, Vanner EA, Grajewski AL, Chang TC. The Burden of Pediatric Visual Impairment and Ocular Diagnoses in Barbados. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(16):6554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166554
Chicago/Turabian StyleDa Silva, Kirsten, Michelle Dowell, Eleonore J. Savatovsky, Dawn Grosvenor, David Callender, Michael H. Campbell, Ian Hambleton, Elizabeth A. Vanner, Alana L. Grajewski, and Ta Chen Chang. 2023. "The Burden of Pediatric Visual Impairment and Ocular Diagnoses in Barbados" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 16: 6554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166554