Adaptation and Validation of the S-NutLit Scale to Assess Nutritional Literacy in the Peruvian Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Nutritional Literacy Scales
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Validation of the S-NutLit Instrument
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Theoretical Implications
4.2. Practical Implications
5. Conclusions and Limitations
6. Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scale name | Author(s) | Country | No. of Items | Dimensions | Population | Alpha |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nutrition Literacy Scale (NLS) | Diamond [32] | U.S.A. | 28 | (1) Nutritional knowledge, (2) healthy nutrition, (3) calorie use, (4) organic food, (5) saturation fats, and (6) portion size. | Adult patients | 0.84 |
NLit | Gibbs and Chapman-Novakofski [29] | U.S.A. | 35 | (1) Nutrition and health, (2) energy sources in food, (3) food label and numeracy, (4) household food measurement, (5) food groups, and (6) consumer skills. | Adult patients | NS |
Student Nutrition Literacy Survey (SNLS) | Hawkins et al. [42] | U.S.A. | 18 | (1) Nutrition knowledge, and (2) attitudes, beliefs, intent (ABI). | Primary school students | NS |
Young Adult Nutrition Literacy Tool (YA-NLT) | McNamara et al. [43] | U.S.A. | 42 | (1) Functional, (2) interactive, and (3) critical. | University students | NS |
Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) | Doustmohammadian et al. [44] | Iran | 42 | (1) Understanding, (2) knowledge, (3) functional skills, (4) food choice skills, (5) interactive skills, and (6) critical skills. | Primary school children | Between 0.48 and 0.80 |
Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire (NLQ) | Ahn et al. [45] | Korea | 30 | (1) Dietary guidelines, (2) nutrition and health, (3) nutrients, (4) five food groups, (5) nutrition labeling, and (6) nutrition management for disease prevention. | Young adults | 0.87 |
Thai Nutritional Literacy Assessment Tool (Thai-NLAT) | Deesamer et al. [46] | Thailand | 61 | (1) Micronutrients and health, (2) nutrition and energy balance, (3) decision making on nutrition information, (4) food processing, and (5) food safety. | Teenagers | NS |
Short Nutrition Literacy (S-NutLit) | Vrinten et al. [20] | Netherlands | 11 | (1) Information skills and (2) expert skills. | Young adults | 0.79 y 0.83 |
Nutritional Literacy Scale (NLS) | Li et al. [31] | China | 28 | (1) Nutrition knowledge level, (2) cognitive and attitude, (3) behavior practice ability, and (4) information acquisition ability. | Patients with kidney disease | 0.83 |
Food and Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese School-age Children (FNLQ-SC) | Liu et al. [47] | China | 19 | (1) Knowledge and understanding, (2) access to and planning for food, (3) selecting food, (4) preparing food, and (5) eating. | School-age children and adolescents | 0.698 |
Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Chinese Pregnant Women (NLAI-P) | Zhou et al. [48] | China | 38 | (1) Knowledge, (2) behavior, and (3) skill. | Pregnant women | 0.82 |
Chongqing Middle School Student Nutrition Literacy Scale (CM-NLS) | Wang et al. [22] | China | 52 | (1) Obtain, (2) understand, (3) apply, (4) interact, (5) medial literacy, and (6) critical skills. | High school students | 0.849 |
Short-Form NL Scale (NL-SF12) | Mo et al. [21] | China | 12 | (1) Knowledge, (2) understanding, (3) obtaining skills, (4) applying skills, (5) interactive skills, and (6) critical skills. | University students | 0.89 |
Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for the Chinese Elderly (NLQ-E) | Aihemaitijiang et al. [49] | China | 25 | (1) Knowledge, (2) understanding, (3) dietary behavior, (4) healthy lifestyle, (5) cognitive skills, and (6) operational skills. | Elders | 0.678 |
Median | Standard Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1 | 3.61 | 0.89 | −0.407 | 0.120 |
NL2 | 3.66 | 0.94 | −0.522 | −0.045 |
NL3 | 3.59 | 1.01 | −0.563 | −0.016 |
NL4 | 3.56 | 0.93 | −0.527 | 0.268 |
NL5 | 3.51 | 0.96 | −0.389 | −0.088 |
NL6 | 3.50 | 0.96 | −0.445 | −0.075 |
NL7 | 3.51 | 1.05 | −0.561 | −0.143 |
NL8 | 3.60 | 0.94 | −0.388 | −0.024 |
NL9 | 3.52 | 0.96 | −0.393 | −0.046 |
NL10 | 3.17 | 1.08 | −0.236 | −0.456 |
NL11 | 3.07 | 1.04 | −0.164 | −0.395 |
Items | Factor | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | ||
NL2 | Si tengo preguntas sobre nutrición saludable, sé dónde encontrar información al respecto. If I have questions about healthy nutrition, I know where to find information about it. | 0.772 | |
NL3 | Cuando busco información nutricional en Internet, puedo distinguir entre sitios web confiables y menos confiables. When I search for nutritional information on the Internet, I can distinguish between reliable and less reliable websites. | 0.762 | |
NL4 | Si tengo dudas sobre nutrición sostenible, sé dónde encontrar información al respecto. Ejemplos de nutrición sostenible son las verduras orgánicas, los huevos de gallina criados en libertad, el café de comercio justo, etc. If I have questions about sustainable nutrition, I know where to find information about it. Examples of sustainable nutrition are organic vegetables, free-range chicken eggs, fair trade coffee, etc. | 0.750 | |
NL6 | Los anuncios a menudo establecen una conexión entre la nutrición y la salud. Me resulta fácil juzgar si estos enlaces son ciertos o no. Advertisements often make a connection between nutrition and health. It is easy for me to judge whether these links are true or not. | 0.608 | |
NL1 | Puedo evaluar si la información sobre nutrición en los medios es confiable. I can assess whether nutrition information in the media is reliable. | 0.559 | |
NL8 | Puedo evaluar si la información sobre nutrición está escrita con la intención de ganar dinero, por ejemplo, por personas que quieren vender un producto. I can assess whether nutrition information is written with the intention of making money, for example, by people who want to sell a product. | 0.498 | |
NL5 | Tengo las habilidades necesarias para aplicar la información nutricional al cocinar. I have the necessary skills to apply nutritional information when cooking. | 0.378 | |
NL10 | Hablo de la información nutricional con un experto. I discuss nutritional information with an expert. | 0.844 | |
NL11 | Mi dieta está basada en los últimos conocimientos científicos. My diet is based on the latest scientific knowledge. | 0.754 | |
NL9 | Sigo los consejos de nutrición de los expertos. I follow the nutrition advice of the experts. | 0.740 | |
NL7 | Conozco las reglas básicas del Triángulo Alimentario. I know the basic rules of the Food Triangle. | 0.530 |
Predictor | Outcome | Std Beta | Alpha | CR | AVE | HTMT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Information Skills | NL8 | 0.644 *** | 0.863 | 0.864 | 0.651 | 0.826 |
NL6 | 0.744 *** | |||||
NL5 | 0.669 *** | |||||
NL4 | 0.732 *** | |||||
NL3 | 0.691 *** | |||||
NL2 | 0.765 *** | |||||
NL1 | 0.579 *** | |||||
Expert Skills | NL11 | 0.723 *** | 0.831 | 0.835 | 0.651 | |
NL10 | 0.807 *** | |||||
NL9 | 0.773 *** | |||||
NL7 | 0.684 *** |
Measure | Threshold | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | Interpretation | Estimate | Interpretation | ||
CMIN | -- | 110.045 | -- | 218.996 | |
DF | -- | 43.000 | -- | 44.000 | |
CMIN/DF | Between 1 and 3 | 2.559 | Excellent | 4.977 | Acceptable |
CFI | >0.95 | 0.965 | Excellent | 0.909 | Acceptable |
SRMR | <0.08 | 0.043 | Excellent | 0.058 | Excellent |
RMSEA | <0.06 | 0.063 | Acceptable | 0.100 | Terrible |
PClose | >0.05 | 0.070 | Excellent | 0.000 | Not Estimated |
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Chilón-Troncos, R.F.; García-Salirrosas, E.E.; Millones-Liza, D.Y.; Villar-Guevara, M. Adaptation and Validation of the S-NutLit Scale to Assess Nutritional Literacy in the Peruvian Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060707
Chilón-Troncos RF, García-Salirrosas EE, Millones-Liza DY, Villar-Guevara M. Adaptation and Validation of the S-NutLit Scale to Assess Nutritional Literacy in the Peruvian Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(6):707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060707
Chicago/Turabian StyleChilón-Troncos, Rony Francisco, Elizabeth Emperatriz García-Salirrosas, Dany Yudet Millones-Liza, and Miluska Villar-Guevara. 2024. "Adaptation and Validation of the S-NutLit Scale to Assess Nutritional Literacy in the Peruvian Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 6: 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060707