While You Are Sleeping: Marital Ambivalence and Blunted Nocturnal Blood Pressure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Cardiovascular | Kidney Disease | Diabetes |
---|---|---|
Potential Disease | Potential Disease | Potential Disease |
INCREASED CARDIAC EVENT RISK FOR BOTH NORMOTENSIVE (2:1) AND HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS (5:1) [48,49,50,51,52]. GREATER CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY AND TOTAL MORTALITY [50,66,67,68]. INCREASED RISK OF STROKE [65]. INCREASED RISK OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS, VASCULAR INFLAMMATION, AND REDUCED ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE [60]. ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND VASCULAR INFLAMMATION [64]. INCREASED ODDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY CALCIUM [61]. INCREASED ODDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERTENSION-INDUCED ORGAN DAMAGE, INCLUDING LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY [43,61,62,63]. | REDUCED KIDNEY FUNCTION [54,55]. HIGH RENAL RISK [52]. POOR RENAL OUTCOMES [56]. INCREASED RISK OF COMPOSITE KIDNEY ENDPOINT [57]. KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE [52,53]. | INCREASED RISK OF ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN TYPE 1 DIABETICS [57]. DEVELOPMENT OF KIDNEY DISEASE IN TYPE 1 DIABETICS [59]. ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY [58]. INCIDENCE OF DIABETES IN A 21-YEAR FOLLOW UP [59]. |
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Physiological Measures
2.3.2. Psychological and Relationship Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analysis
3.2. Main Analysis
3.3. Ancillary Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean (Std Dev) | Min | Max | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Year) | 25.05 | 4.84 | 21.00 | 59.00 | 180 | |
Ethnicity | ||||||
White | 162 | 91.58 | ||||
Hispanic/Latino | 10 | 5.62 | ||||
Asian | 2 | 1.12 | ||||
Native American | 1 | 0.56 | ||||
Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.56 | ||||
Other | 1 | 0.56 | ||||
Income | ||||||
Less than $15,000 | 34 | 19.10 | ||||
15,000–$29,999 | 60 | 33.70 | ||||
$30,000–$49,000 | 48 | 26.4 | ||||
$50,000–$69,000 | 18 | 10.11 | ||||
$70,000 or more | 18 | 10.13 | ||||
I would rather not report this | 1 | 0.56 | ||||
Education | ||||||
Graduated from high school | 2 | 1.12 | ||||
Partial college | 94 | 51.67 | ||||
Graduated from college | 56 | 32.59 | ||||
Partial graduate-professional school | 16 | 8.99 | ||||
Graduated from graduate-professional school | 10 | 5.63 |
Variable | B | SE | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Ethnicity | 0.35 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
Income | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.70 |
Sex | 0.4133 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
Education | −0.286 | 0.268 | 0.286 |
Variable | B | SE | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Spousal ambivalence | |||
SBP blunting | 0.14 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
DBP blunting | 0.63 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
Own ambivalent behavior | |||
SBP blunting | 0.27 | 0.03 | <0.001 |
DBP dipping | 0.63 | 0.06 | <0.001 |
Sex | |||
SBP dipping | −0.68 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
DPB dipping | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
Women’s spouse ambivalent behavior | |||
SBP dipping | 0.65 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
Men’s spouse ambivalent behavior | |||
DBP blunting | −0.34 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
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Birmingham, W.C.; Herr, R.M.; Cressman, M.; Patel, N.; Hung, M. While You Are Sleeping: Marital Ambivalence and Blunted Nocturnal Blood Pressure. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060723
Birmingham WC, Herr RM, Cressman M, Patel N, Hung M. While You Are Sleeping: Marital Ambivalence and Blunted Nocturnal Blood Pressure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(6):723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060723
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirmingham, Wendy C., Raphael M. Herr, Mikel Cressman, Neha Patel, and Man Hung. 2024. "While You Are Sleeping: Marital Ambivalence and Blunted Nocturnal Blood Pressure" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 6: 723. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21060723