Current Oncology

14 pages, 996 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Relation Between Post-Operative Surgical Site Infection and Time to Start Adjuvant Treatment in Ovarian and Uterine Cancers

by Karlijn M. C. Cornel, Julie My Van Nguyen, Lilian T. Gien, Allan Covens and Danielle Vicus

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080474 - 21 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Surgical site infections (SSIs) occur in 10–15% of patients and are linked to up to 29% of delays in starting adjuvant treatment. This study assessed the association between SSIs in patients with ovarian and uterine cancer and their impact on time to adjuvant [...] Read more.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) occur in 10–15% of patients and are linked to up to 29% of delays in starting adjuvant treatment. This study assessed the association between SSIs in patients with ovarian and uterine cancer and their impact on time to adjuvant therapy and oncologic outcomes. Patients who underwent surgery from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2017 were included, using institutional National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data and chart reviews. Among 371 patients (median follow-up 4.1 years), 243 (65.5%) received adjuvant treatment. The median time to start was 39 days for chemotherapy, 61 days for radiotherapy, and 42 days for combined therapy (p < 0.001). Patients with ovarian cancer began treatment sooner than those with uterine cancer (39 vs. 52 days, p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between those with or without SSIs. In 238 patients with uterine cancer, those with SSIs had a twofold higher recurrence risk (HR 1.97, p = 0.022) and over threefold lower overall survival (HR 3.45, p = 0.018). Multivariable analysis showed that surgical route and disease stage were independent predictors; SSI was not an independent factor. No survival difference related to SSIs was found in patients with ovarian cancer. Further research is needed to clarify the impact of SSIs on treatment timing and recurrence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizing Surgical Management for Gynecologic Cancers)

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15 pages, 3719 KB

Open AccessArticle

Construction and Verification of a Predictive Nomogram for Overall Survival in Patients with Large Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma: A Population-Based Cohort Study

by Huan Deng, Zhenhua Lu, Yajie Wang, Lin Xiao and Yisheng Pan

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080473 - 21 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Objective This study aimed to show the clinicopathological characteristics of large retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS) and to develop a customized nomogram model for patients with large RLS. Methods A total of 1735 patients diagnosed with RLS were selected from the public SEER database. Among [...] Read more.

Objective This study aimed to show the clinicopathological characteristics of large retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS) and to develop a customized nomogram model for patients with large RLS. Methods A total of 1735 patients diagnosed with RLS were selected from the public SEER database. Among them, 1113 patients with a maximum tumor diameter greater than 150 mm were included for further analysis. Nomogram models were developed based on Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A total of 166 patients that presented in the same period at our institution were used for external validations. Results A larger tumor size in RLS was associated with worse survival outcomes. Lasso and Cox regression analyses consistently identified age, TNM stage, occurrence pattern, histology, and surgery as important prognostic factors for OS. The constructed model demonstrated robust predictive performance, with better time-ROC (time-dependent receiver operating characteristic) for 1-year (83.1%), 3-year (83.8%), and 5-year (81.4%) survival in the training cohort. The concordance index (C-index) was approximately 0.80 in both the training and validation cohorts, reflecting excellent discriminatory ability of the model. Survival risk stratification analysis revealed significant differences in survival outcomes of large RLS (HR = 4.12 [3.31–5.12], p < 0.001, in the training cohort). Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed that the nomogram provided greater net benefits across a range of threshold probabilities. Conclusion This study identified important prognostic factors for survival in patients with large RLS and developed a reliable nomogram for predicting OS. The model’s strong predictive performance supports its use in personalized treatment strategies, improving prognosis assessment and clinical decision making for these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sarcoma Surgeries: Oncological Outcomes and Prognostic Factors)

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16 pages, 3553 KB

Open AccessArticle

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined with Chemotherapy in Taiwanese Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer

by Cheng-Yu Chang, Yu-Feng Wei, Shih-Chieh Chang and Chung-Yu Chen

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080472 - 19 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Purpose: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has poor prognosis. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy show survival benefits in trials, real-world data from Asia are scarce. This study evaluates real-world efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with or without ICIs in Taiwanese [...] Read more.

Purpose: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) has poor prognosis. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy show survival benefits in trials, real-world data from Asia are scarce. This study evaluates real-world efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with or without ICIs in Taiwanese patients with ES-SCLC and identifies survival predictors. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study analyzed 114 patients with ES-SCLC treated between 2017 and 2023 at four Taiwanese medical centers. Patients received first-line chemotherapy alone (n = 68) or with ICIs (atezolizumab, durvalumab, pembrolizumab; n = 46). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), assessed via Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox regression. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable, except poorer ECOG performance (≥2) in the chemotherapy group (27% vs. 9%; p = 0.021). IO–chemotherapy significantly improved OS (16.1 vs. 9.4 months; HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20–0.52; p < 0.001) and PFS (7.8 vs. 5.5 months; HR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26–0.63; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed IO–chemotherapy as an independent positive predictor (OS adjusted HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14–0.44; PFS adjusted HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22–0.61; both p < 0.001). Skin rash was more common with IO–chemotherapy (24% vs. 3%; p < 0.001). Immune-related adverse events (AEs) correlated with improved survival (median OS: 21.4 months with 1–2 AEs, 16.6 months with 3–4 AEs, 12.5 months without AEs). Conclusion: Immunochemotherapy significantly improves survival in Taiwanese patients with ES-SCLC, with manageable toxicity, supporting ICIs’ incorporation into standard treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Therapeutic Challenges in Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Rare Thoracic Cancers)

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13 pages, 788 KB

Open AccessArticle

Treatment Disparities, Heterogeneities, and Barriers to Access for Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A National Survey from Brazil

by Heloisa Resende, Vinícius de Q. Aguiar, Nataline F. de A. Santos, João Vitor Siqueira Jardim and André Ornelas

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080471 - 19 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among Brazilian women, with a high percentage of the cases diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stages (mBC). In Brazil, where 75% of the population depends on the resource-limited public health system (SUS), mBC poses significant [...] Read more.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among Brazilian women, with a high percentage of the cases diagnosed at advanced or metastatic stages (mBC). In Brazil, where 75% of the population depends on the resource-limited public health system (SUS), mBC poses significant treatment challenges and disparities. To characterize this scenario, we conducted an online survey assessing treatment strategies available for HER2-negative, hormone receptor (HR)-positive mBC across public and private health systems. The 48-question survey addressed topics such as waiting time (WT) from oncology unit entry to treatment initiation, availability of oncologic medications, and access to palliative and multidisciplinary care teams. Between 2 August 2022 and 30 September 2022, a total of 180 oncologists were invited, and 150 met the inclusion criteria. The median WT for surgery was 60 days in the SUS versus 30 days in the private sector (p < 0.0001), and for chemotherapy, 30 days in the SUS versus 15 days privately (p < 0.0001). Endocrine therapy was the preferred first-line treatment in the SUS (83.3%), while fulvestrant was available to only 48% of respondents. Additionally, specialized palliative care teams were available according to 66% of SUS respondents compared with 82% in the private system (p = 0.001). These findings underscore persistent disparities in mBC treatment, likely driven by limited governmental health investment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Breast Cancer)

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13 pages, 857 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Extended Survival with Pancreatic Carcinosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

by Tian Xiao, Claire Browne, Morgan Black, Celia Marginean and Elena Tsvetkova

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080470 - 18 Aug 2025

Viewed by 953

Abstract

Pancreatic carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy that can mimic pancreatic adenocarcinomas in presentation but often has different disease biology and different responses to conventional treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Case reports have documented a 5-year overall survival of approximately 13% only if [...] Read more.

Pancreatic carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy that can mimic pancreatic adenocarcinomas in presentation but often has different disease biology and different responses to conventional treatment for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Case reports have documented a 5-year overall survival of approximately 13% only if the disease is caught at an earlier stage and is amenable to multi-modality treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. In the advanced stage, treatments do not often provide benefit, and patients may decline rapidly. There are currently no studies demonstrating survival benefits with chemotherapy in patients with metastatic carcinosarcoma, owing to both the rarity and the often late diagnosis of this aggressive entity. We present a case of a 71-year-old male patient diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic carcinosarcoma who received four lines of palliative-intent treatment: gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel, modified FOLFIRINOX, GTX, and doxorubicin. With careful selection of chemotherapeutic regimen as well as his ability to tolerate four lines of treatment, this resulted in an unprecedented 26-month survival. We also reviewed the literature on the histopathology, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare entity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)

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8 pages, 279 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Pembrolizumab-Induced Simultaneous and Refractory Systemic Capillary Leak and Cytokine Release Syndromes: A Case Report

by Eugénie Roberge-Maltais, Eric Lévesque, Vincent Castonguay, Nicolas Marcoux, Louis-Philippe Grenier and Martin Veilleux

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080469 - 18 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome (SCLS) and Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) have both been described as rare but severe adverse reactions induced by Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors such as pembrolizumab. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman undergoing treatment with [...] Read more.

Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome (SCLS) and Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) have both been described as rare but severe adverse reactions induced by Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors such as pembrolizumab. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman undergoing treatment with pembrolizumab for a stage 4 cervical squamous cell carcinoma who presented with anasarca, hypotension, hemoconcentration and signs of multisystemic inflammation. After elimination of alternative causes such as nephrotic syndrome, cardiac dysfunction and cirrhosis, she was diagnosed with both pembrolizumab-induced SCLS and CRS. She was successfully treated with a multimodal treatment approach including intravenous immunoglobulins, steroids, diuretics and axitinib for SCLS as well as ruxolitinib for CRS. After several months of hospitalization, her symptoms finally improved with this treatment regimen, and she was able to attain euvolemic state and be discharged from the hospital. This case highlights certain rare and severe adverse effects of treatment with PD-1 inhibitors. Furthermore, it proposes a novel therapeutic approach for similar cases based upon probable underlying physiopathological mechanisms in SCLS and CRS. Full article

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13 pages, 472 KB

Open AccessArticle

Association Between Quality of Discharge Teaching and Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty in Postoperative Lung Cancer Patients: A Chain Mediation Model

by Minghui Wang, Hailing Tu and Jingfang Hong

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080468 - 18 Aug 2025

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Abstract

The post-discharge coping difficulties experienced by patients can affect their quality of life and the occurrence of unplanned readmissions. This study aimed to explore the chain mediation effect of self-efficacy and readiness for hospital discharge between quality of discharge teaching and post-discharge coping [...] Read more.

The post-discharge coping difficulties experienced by patients can affect their quality of life and the occurrence of unplanned readmissions. This study aimed to explore the chain mediation effect of self-efficacy and readiness for hospital discharge between quality of discharge teaching and post-discharge coping difficulty among postoperative lung cancer patients. This study employed a cross-sectional design and surveyed 358 postoperative patients with lung cancer. Demographic and Disease-Related Data Questionnaire, Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, and Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale were used. A structural equation model was utilized to explore the mediation effects of self-efficacy and readiness for hospital discharge. The total score for post-discharge coping difficulty among postoperative lung cancer patients was 34.32 ± 10.00. Quality of discharge teaching not only directly negatively predicted post-discharge coping difficulty (β = −0.154, p < 0.05), but also indirectly affected it through the chain mediation effect of self-efficacy and readiness for hospital discharge (β = −0.040, p = 0.001). Healthcare providers should pay attention to postoperative lung cancer patients’ post-discharge coping difficulties and formulate targeted discharge teaching strategies to enhance patients’ self-efficacy and readiness for discharge to alleviate their post-discharge coping difficulties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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21 pages, 1925 KB

Open AccessReview

Targeting Senescence in Oncology: An Emerging Therapeutic Avenue for Cancer

by Satoru Meguro, Syunta Makabe, Kei Yaginuma, Akifumi Onagi, Ryo Tanji, Kanako Matsuoka, Seiji Hoshi, Tomoyuki Koguchi, Emina Kayama, Junya Hata, Yuichi Sato, Hidenori Akaihata, Masao Kataoka, Soichiro Ogawa, Motohide Uemura and Yoshiyuki Kojima

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 467; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080467 - 18 Aug 2025

Viewed by 707

Abstract

Since cancer is often linked to the aging process, the importance of cellular senescence in cancer has come under the spotlight. While senescence in cancer cells can serve as a natural barrier against cancer due to its proliferation arrest, its secretory phenotypes and [...] Read more.

Since cancer is often linked to the aging process, the importance of cellular senescence in cancer has come under the spotlight. While senescence in cancer cells can serve as a natural barrier against cancer due to its proliferation arrest, its secretory phenotypes and alterations in the surface proteome can paradoxically promote or suppress tumor progression. Senescent cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells can also contribute to cancer promotion. During therapeutic interventions for cancer, not only their therapeutic effects, but also therapy-induced senescence may have an impact on cancer outcomes. Senotherapeutics, therapy targeting senescent cells, have been reported as novel cancer therapy in recent studies, and the combination of senescence induction and senotherapeutics has been increasingly recognized. Although some clinical trials of senotherapeutic drugs for cancer with or without senescence-inducible therapy are ongoing, there is as yet no satisfactory clinical application. With further research into targeting senescence in oncology, it is expected that senotherapeutics, particularly in combination with senescence-inducing therapy, will become a novel therapeutic strategy. Full article

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11 pages, 6758 KB

Open AccessCase Report

Chemoradiotherapy Strategies for Immunotherapy-Sensitive Multi-Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Comparative Case Report and Literature Review

by Zikun Li and Yuxiang He

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080466 - 18 Aug 2025

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Abstract

This study investigates two cases of stage IVb de novo multi-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that responded to immunotherapy but resulted in different outcomes. Case 1 involved a multi-metastatic NPC patient (T4N3M1) with extensive bone and lymphatic metastases and severely impaired physical condition (ECOG [...] Read more.

This study investigates two cases of stage IVb de novo multi-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that responded to immunotherapy but resulted in different outcomes. Case 1 involved a multi-metastatic NPC patient (T4N3M1) with extensive bone and lymphatic metastases and severely impaired physical condition (ECOG PS 2) who showed significant tumor reduction after one cycle of immunotherapy combined with non-platinum chemotherapy, with no radiation exposure. Due to financial difficulties, the patient received intermittent immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and survived 28 months with a good quality of life. Case 2 describes a multi-metastatic NPC patient (T3N2M1) with multi-organ (bone and liver) metastases and good performance status (ECOG PS 0) who underwent standard chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy but experienced rapid progression and died after 21 months. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy remains the standard for multi-metastatic NPC patients. Patients responsive to induction chemotherapy gain survival benefits from subsequent radiotherapy. However, the advantages and disadvantages of radiotherapy for immunotherapy-sensitive multi-metastatic NPC patients are still unclear. Radiotherapy (RT) can enhance local control and promote tumor antigen release, thereby complementing immunotherapy; yet it can also damage immune cells, leading to exhaustion and resistance. Therefore, balancing RT and chemotherapy is vital for optimizing immune synergy and preventing immune exhaustion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)

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21 pages, 984 KB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Determinants of Compassionate Cancer Care in Older Adults Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping

by Dominique Tremblay, Chiara Russo, Catherine Terret, Catherine Prady, Sonia Joannette, Sylvie Lessard, Susan Usher, Émilie Pretet-Flamand, Christelle Galvez, Élisa Gélinas-Phaneuf, Julien Terrier and Nathalie Moreau

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080465 - 16 Aug 2025

Viewed by 472

Abstract

The growing number of older adults with cancer confront practical and organizational limitations that hinder their ability to obtain care that is adapted to their health status, needs, expectations, and life choices. The integration into practice of evidence-based and institutional recommendations for a [...] Read more.

The growing number of older adults with cancer confront practical and organizational limitations that hinder their ability to obtain care that is adapted to their health status, needs, expectations, and life choices. The integration into practice of evidence-based and institutional recommendations for a geriatric approach and person-centered high-quality care remains incomplete. This study uses an action research design to explore stakeholders’ perspectives of the challenges involved in translating the established care priorities into a compassionate geriatric approach in oncology and identify promising pathways to improvement. Fifty-three stakeholders participated in focus groups to create cognitive maps representing perceived relationships between concepts related to compassionate care of older adults with cancer. Combining maps results in a single model constructed in Mental Modeler software to weigh relationships and calculate concept centrality (importance in the model). The model represents stakeholders’ collective perspective of the determinants of compassionate care that need to be addressed at different decision-making levels. The results reveal pathways to improvement at systemic, organizational, practice, and societal levels. These include connecting policies on ageing and national cancer programs, addressing fragmented care through interdisciplinary teamwork, promoting person-centered care, cultivating relational proximity, and combatting ageism. Translating evidence-based practices and priority orientations into compassionate care rests on collective capacities across multiple providers to address the whole person and their unique trajectory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geriatric Oncology: Toward Optimized Cancer Care)

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15 pages, 1148 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic Significance of Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) Score in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Imam Bakir Bati, Umut Tuysuz and Elif Eygi

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080464 - 16 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major indication for liver transplantation (LT), but accurate pretransplant risk stratification is critical to improve long-term outcomes. Traditional morphometric criteria such as tumor size and number are limited in predicting recurrence and survival. The HALP (hemoglobin, albumin, [...] Read more.

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major indication for liver transplantation (LT), but accurate pretransplant risk stratification is critical to improve long-term outcomes. Traditional morphometric criteria such as tumor size and number are limited in predicting recurrence and survival. The HALP (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR), and FIB-4 indices are emerging systemic inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers that may provide additional prognostic value in HCC patients undergoing LT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, two-center cohort study included 200 patients who underwent LT for HCC between 2012 and 2023. Preoperative HALP, GPR, and FIB-4 scores were calculated, and their associations with overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were assessed using ROC analyses and Cox proportional hazard models. Cut-off values were determined for each biomarker, and survival outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods. Results: A low HALP score (≤0.39) was independently associated with reduced OS but not with RFS. Conversely, low GPR (≤0.45) and FIB-4 (≤3.1) values were significantly associated with both poor OS and higher recurrence risk. Tumor size, number of lesions, and microvascular invasion also independently predicted poor outcomes. Multivariate analysis confirmed HALP, GPR, and FIB-4 as significant preoperative predictors of prognosis in this population. Conclusions: HALP, GPR, and FIB-4 are readily available, cost-effective indices that provide significant prognostic information in HCC patients undergoing LT. Their integration with morphometric criteria may improve pretransplant risk stratification and support individualized clinical decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: From Physiological Mechanisms to Clinical Practice)

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15 pages, 972 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Treatment Modalities on Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer—Real-World Data

by Esma Uguztemur and Banu Oztürk

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080463 - 16 Aug 2025

Viewed by 564

Abstract

The optimal sequencing of chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes between adjuvant (ACT) and neoadjuvant (NACT) chemotherapy and to identify clinicopathological factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a [...] Read more.

The optimal sequencing of chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes between adjuvant (ACT) and neoadjuvant (NACT) chemotherapy and to identify clinicopathological factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a real-world setting. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 103 patients with non-metastatic gastric cancer treated between 2014 and 2024. Patients were categorized into ACT (n = 56) and NACT (n = 47) groups. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess survival outcomes and prognostic factors. Results: The NACT group was younger and had more proximal tumors. Median OS was 48.7 months in the ACT group versus 17.7 months in the NACT group (p = 0.048). Median PFS was not reached in the ACT group and was 15.6 months in the NACT group (p = 0.008). Negative surgical margin status was independently associated with improved survival, whereas age was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS. No significant associations were found between OS or PFS and histologic subtype, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, gender, D2 dissection, or type of surgery. Notably, 21% of NACT patients did not proceed to surgery due to progression, treatment intolerance, or refusal. Conclusion: Although ACT was associated with longer PFS and OS in this cohort, these differences are most likely explained by baseline imbalances, patient selection factors, and survivorship bias rather than the timing of chemotherapy itself. These findings highlight the importance of careful patient selection for NACT and underscore the need for prospective, randomized studies to define optimal sequencing strategies in LAGC. Our study contributes descriptive, real-world data rather than definitive evidence of treatment superiority. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Neoadjuvant Therapy for Gastric Cancer)

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13 pages, 1865 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

High Outcome-Reporting Bias in Randomized-Controlled Trials of Acupuncture for Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Epidemiological Study

by Rachele Penati, Riccardo Vecchio, Roberto Gatto, Anna Odone and Silvia Deandrea

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080462 - 15 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Selective outcome-reporting bias refers to the selective reporting of a subset of study findings. This methodological limitation may occur in cancer-related acupuncture studies, where valid empirical studies on psychometric performance are still lacking. We assessed the risk of selective outcome reporting bias in [...] Read more.

Selective outcome-reporting bias refers to the selective reporting of a subset of study findings. This methodological limitation may occur in cancer-related acupuncture studies, where valid empirical studies on psychometric performance are still lacking. We assessed the risk of selective outcome reporting bias in studies published in English that were included in a systematic review on acupuncture for preventing cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. For each study, we searched for registry availability and, if present, assessed its validity. We described each study outcome (nausea, vomiting, or both) according to the following seven items: type of outcome, domain, specific measurement, specific metric, type of data, methods of aggregation, and timepoint unit and time. Eleven studies published between 1987 and 2019 in English were evaluated. Only four (36%) had a registry, of which only two were prospective and therefore considered valid. Discrepancies were found in the specific measurement of the outcome in two studies and in the specific metric. In many other cases, discrepancies were not evaluable due to missing information. No study reported complete outcomes as planned in the published protocol. Communication about the importance of prospective trial registration, including outcome details, should be enforced to reduce the risk of selective outcome reporting bias in oncology acupuncture studies. Full article

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15 pages, 502 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating Fatalism Among Breast Cancer Survivors in a Heterogeneous Hispanic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Liara Lopez Torralba, Brian Sukhu, Maria Eduarda de Azevedo Daruge, Jongik Chung, Victoria Loerzel and Eunkyung Lee

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080461 - 15 Aug 2025

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Abstract

Hispanic breast cancer survivors reported worse quality of life, and fatalism is considered one of the mediators for this disparity. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with fatalism within a diverse Hispanic population. Hispanic origin was self-reported, and the Multidimensional Fatalism [...] Read more.

Hispanic breast cancer survivors reported worse quality of life, and fatalism is considered one of the mediators for this disparity. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with fatalism within a diverse Hispanic population. Hispanic origin was self-reported, and the Multidimensional Fatalism Measure questionnaire, a validated tool that measures fatalism across multiple dimensions, was used to assess fatalism. A total of 390 women, consisting of 210 Puerto Ricans, 34 Colombians, 29 Dominicans, 25 Cubans, 24 Venezuelans, 22 Mexicans, and 46 individuals of other Hispanic backgrounds, completed the fatalism assessment. The mean fatalism score was 16.4 (95% CI = 15.8–17.0), characterized by a high internal locus of control and strong religious beliefs, along with moderate beliefs in luck and a low external locus of control. The higher fatalism scores were reported in Dominican, Mexican, and Venezuelan groups, while Colombians reported the lowest score. Multivariable analysis showed that Colombians (β = −4.0), individuals with higher household incomes (β = −2.3 for USD 20,000–USD 75,000, β = −2.4 for ≥75,000), higher education levels (β = −1.9), and those using English more frequently at home (β = −2.0) reported lower fatalism compared to their reference group. To enhance the quality of life for these survivors, culturally tailored interventions should focus on improving perceived control and mitigating fatalism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathways to Recovery and Resilience in Breast Cancer Survivorship)

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21 pages, 1100 KB

Open AccessReview

Practical Guidance for the Expanded Implementation and Provision of Bispecific Antibodies for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Across Canada

by David MacDonald, Robert Puckrin, Pamela Skrabek, Selay Lam, Jai Jayakar, Isabelle Fleury, Christopher Lemieux, Mélina Boutin and Jacqueline Costello

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080460 - 15 Aug 2025

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Abstract

(1) Background: Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) can be delivered in ambulatory healthcare settings; however, the safe and effective management of potential side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), requires protocolized monitoring and [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) can be delivered in ambulatory healthcare settings; however, the safe and effective management of potential side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), requires protocolized monitoring and management. (2) Methods: An Expert Working Group (EWG) of nine hematologists from across Canada, with experience in leading BsAb program implementation, combined a review of published literature, a comparison of national/provincial/regional guidance documents and protocols, and their professional experiences to produce an informed framework for BsAb program implementation in various healthcare settings. (3) Results: The EWG supports and recommends the progression of BsAb provision from predominantly inpatient hospital settings to community/ambulatory care settings closer to the patient’s home. A seven-step implementation process is outlined to support the safe and effective establishment of such programs, from establishing leadership, through customization of protocols, to education and execution. Strategies and considerations are offered to overcome potential barriers and empower healthcare professionals who are working to establish or improve BsAb programs across Canada. (4) Conclusions: For patients with R/R DLBCL, the safe and effective provision of BsAbs closer to home is both feasible and preferred. This guidance is intended to support the efficient and effective setup or enhancement of BsAb programs in lymphoma. Full article

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5 pages, 165 KB

Open AccessEditorial

Impact of Adjuvant Cemiplimab in High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Annette M. Lim, Sandro Porceddu and Danny Rischin

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080459 - 15 Aug 2025

Viewed by 690

Abstract

Despite cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) being the second most common skin cancer worldwide, there were no approved systemic therapies for patients with unresectable and/or metastatic disease prior to the advent of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD1) agents cemiplimab and pembrolizumab [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Dermato-Oncology)

12 pages, 243 KB

Open AccessReview

Lung Carcinoids in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs): A Still Overlooked Clinical Entity

by Alice Laffi, Laura Pala, Chiara Catania, Marzia Locatelli, Priscilla Cascetta, Emilia Cocorocchio, Giovanni Luca Ceresoli, Daniele Laszlo, Flaminia Facella, Emily Governini, Marzia Bendoni, Giuseppe Pelosi, Fabio Conforti and Tommaso Martino De Pas

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080458 - 14 Aug 2025

Viewed by 616

Abstract

Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare neoplasms involving typical and atypical carcinoids (TCs and ACs), defined histologically by absent or focal necrosis and mitotic counts (<2/mm² vs. 2–10/mm²), respectively. Although uncommon overall, TCs and ACs represent the most frequent non-hematologic malignancies [...] Read more.

Pulmonary carcinoids (PCs) are rare neoplasms involving typical and atypical carcinoids (TCs and ACs), defined histologically by absent or focal necrosis and mitotic counts (<2/mm² vs. 2–10/mm²), respectively. Although uncommon overall, TCs and ACs represent the most frequent non-hematologic malignancies in the pediatric population. However, significantly less is known about PC in AYAs, a population often overlooked or analyzed within pediatric or adult cohorts. In this critical review, we analyzed existing literature on PCs in the AYA population using a question-and-answer format, emphasizing the substantial gap in current knowledge in this field and the urgent unmet clinical need for future scientific proposals. First, we analyzed epidemiology and the data availability about the association between PCs in AYA patients and genetic syndromes that typically reach the maximal diagnostic incidence within this age group. We then reviewed the available literature about the pathologic characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies for localized and metastatic disease in PC AYA patients. According to our findings, a significant lack of age-specific evidence and the need for international collaboration and prospective, AYA-focused clinical studies were underscored. Advancing research in this area is essential to improve understanding and develop tailored, evidence-based therapeutic approaches for this peculiar population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances and Therapeutic Challenges in Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Rare Thoracic Cancers)

19 pages, 428 KB

Open AccessReview

A Narrative Review of the Roles of Nursing in Addressing Sexual Dysfunction in Oncology Patients

by Omar Alqaisi, Suhair Al-Ghabeesh, Patricia Tai, Kelvin Wong, Kurian Joseph and Edward Yu

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080457 - 14 Aug 2025

Viewed by 644

Abstract

Sexual dysfunction affects an estimated 50–70% of cancer survivors but remains underrecognized and undertreated, impacting quality of life and emotional well-being. This narrative review involves a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for English-language publications (January 2010–May 2025), [...] Read more.

Sexual dysfunction affects an estimated 50–70% of cancer survivors but remains underrecognized and undertreated, impacting quality of life and emotional well-being. This narrative review involves a comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect for English-language publications (January 2010–May 2025), using combined MeSH and free-text terms for ‘sexual health’, ‘cancer’, ‘nursing’, ‘roles of nurses’, ‘immunotherapy’, ‘targeted therapy’, ‘sexual health’, ‘sexual dysfunction’, ‘vaginal dryness’, ‘genitourinary syndrome of menopause’, ‘sexual desire’, ‘body image’, ‘erectile dysfunction’, ‘climacturia’, ‘ejaculatory disorders’, ‘dyspareunia’, and ‘oncology’. We used the IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) approach to identify 1245 records and screen titles and abstracts. Fifty studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria (original research, reviews, and clinical guidelines on oncology nursing and sexual health). Results: All the treatments contributed to reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, dyspareunia, and body image concerns, with a prevalence of 57.5% across genders. Oncology nurses can provide sex education and counseling. Barriers (limited training, cultural stigma, and the absence of protocols) hinder effective intervention. Addressing these issues through sexual health curricula, formal referral systems, and policy reforms can enhance nursing care. Future research should assess the impact of targeted nurse education and the institutional integration of sexual health into cancer care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Reviews in Section "Oncology Nursing")

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18 pages, 511 KB

Open AccessReview

Roles and Prospective Applications of Ferroptosis Suppressor Protein 1 (FSP1) in Malignant Tumor Treatment

by Zhesi Jin, Qian Zhang, Yinlong Pan, Hao Chen, Ke Zhou, Huazhong Cai and Pan Huang

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080456 - 14 Aug 2025

Viewed by 780

Abstract

Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) has emerged as a critical regulator of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death with significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Despite rapidly expanding research, current knowledge on FSP1 remains fragmented across various tumor types and experimental [...] Read more.

Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) has emerged as a critical regulator of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death with significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Despite rapidly expanding research, current knowledge on FSP1 remains fragmented across various tumor types and experimental contexts. The aim of this review is to systematically integrate the latest evidence regarding the molecular structure, biological functions, and regulatory mechanisms controlling FSP1 expression, emphasizing its involvement in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Readers can expect comprehensive coverage of FSP1’s structural characteristics, enzymatic roles, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and its pathological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. We further evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies targeting FSP1 aimed at overcoming resistance and improving clinical outcomes. Relevant studies were systematically identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, focusing particularly on the recent and impactful literature to guide future research directions. Full article

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16 pages, 1215 KB

Open AccessReview

Understanding Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: Implications for Gastrointestinal Cancer Treatment

by Supriya Peshin, Adit Dharia, Ehab Takrori, Jasmeet Kaur, Kannan Thanikachalam and Renuka Iyer

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080455 - 14 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1019

Abstract

Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common yet underrecognized complication of systemic chemotherapy, particularly in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Despite progress in targeted and immune-based therapies, platinum-based and fluoropyrimidine regimens, especially oxaliplatin-containing protocols, remain standard in GI cancer treatment and are linked to high rates [...] Read more.

Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common yet underrecognized complication of systemic chemotherapy, particularly in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Despite progress in targeted and immune-based therapies, platinum-based and fluoropyrimidine regimens, especially oxaliplatin-containing protocols, remain standard in GI cancer treatment and are linked to high rates of CIT. This complication often leads to treatment delays, dose reductions, and elevated bleeding risk. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, clinical implications, and management strategies of CIT in GI malignancies. CIT arises from several mechanisms: direct cytotoxicity to megakaryocyte progenitors, disruption of the marrow microenvironment, thrombopoietin dysregulation, and immune-mediated platelet destruction. Platinum agents, antimetabolites, and immune checkpoint inhibitors can contribute to these effects. Oxaliplatin-induced CIT may occur acutely via immune mechanisms or chronically through marrow suppression. CIT affects 20–25% of solid tumor patients, with highest rates in those receiving gemcitabine (64%), carboplatin (58%), and oxaliplatin (50%). Within GI cancer regimens, FOLFOXIRI and S-1 plus oxaliplatin show higher CIT incidence compared to FOLFIRI and CAPIRI. Thrombocytopenia is graded by severity, from mild (Grade 1–2) to severe (Grade 3–4), and often necessitates treatment adjustments, transfusions, or supportive therapies. Current strategies include chemotherapy dose modification, platelet transfusion, and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) like romiplostim and eltrombopag. While platelet transfusions help in acute settings, TPO-RAs may preserve dose intensity and reduce bleeding. Emerging agents targeting megakaryopoiesis and marrow protection offer promising avenues for long-term management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Therapeutic Strategies, Biomarkers, and Molecular Pathways in Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Cancers)

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10 pages, 465 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Postoperative Infection on Lower Limb Function After Surgery for Malignant Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: Data from a Nationwide Registry in Japan

by Takeshi Morii, Kenji Sato, Koichi Ogura, Tomohiro Shinozaki and Akira Kawai

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080454 - 13 Aug 2025

Viewed by 458

Abstract

Background: Due to the scarcity of cases, adjustments for confounding factors in analyses of the effects of postoperative infections on limb function after surgery for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors were insufficient in previous studies. One solution is to use big data [...] Read more.

Background: Due to the scarcity of cases, adjustments for confounding factors in analyses of the effects of postoperative infections on limb function after surgery for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors were insufficient in previous studies. One solution is to use big data from a nationwide registry. Methods: Data from the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan were used to examine the impact of postoperative infections on limb function after surgery for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in the lower extremities. Limb function was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score. Results: A total of 1099 soft tissue tumors and 410 bone tumor cases were included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using significant factors in the propensity score logistic regression. After PSM, only “function” and “emotional acceptance” scores worsened in infection cases in the bone tumor group, while total MSTS scores remained unaffected in both the bone and soft tissue tumor groups. No subcategory scores worsened in the soft tissue tumor group. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that postoperative infections might not affect function in cases of soft tissue tumors and have only a limited impact in cases of bone tumors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Evolving Role of Surgery in Multidisciplinary Care for Sarcoma Patients)

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15 pages, 1144 KB

Open AccessArticle

How Musculoskeletal Tumor Management Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Data from a Nationwide Questionnaire Survey of Hospitals Specializing in Musculoskeletal Tumors in Japan

by Takeshi Morii, Shintaro Iwata, Kensaku Yamaga, Masanori Okamoto, Kosei Ando, Takaaki Tanaka and Jun Nishida

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080453 - 12 Aug 2025

Viewed by 500

Abstract

Background: While changes in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan have been widely studied, data specific to bone and soft tissue tumor care remain limited. Methods: A nationwide web-based survey was conducted among hospitals specializing in musculoskeletal tumors. It assessed the [...] Read more.

Background: While changes in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan have been widely studied, data specific to bone and soft tissue tumor care remain limited. Methods: A nationwide web-based survey was conducted among hospitals specializing in musculoskeletal tumors. It assessed the occurrence of COVID-19-related events (patient infections, outbreak clusters, and staff infections), delays in referral and diagnosis, postponement or cancellation of specific treatments, and changes in institutional management strategies. Results: Seventy-eight hospitals (91.7% of all specialized centers) responded. Patient infections, outbreak clusters, and staff infections were reported by 28.2%, 48.7%, and 53.8% of hospitals, respectively. While radiological exams and biopsies were largely maintained, patient referrals decreased significantly. Surgical treatment was more affected than chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Strategy changes included surgery delays or cancellations (48.7%) and prolonged follow-up intervals (20.5%). Among COVID-19-related factors, only direct patient infections were significantly associated with institutional changes in treatment policy. Conclusions: The pandemic substantially disrupted outpatient services and surgical care in musculoskeletal oncology. Patient infection was the main driver of treatment strategy modifications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Evolving Role of Surgery in Multidisciplinary Care for Sarcoma Patients)

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23 pages, 365 KB

Open AccessReview

Focused Ultrasound for Sarcomas: A Narrative Review

by Nidhi Kuchimanchi, Nicolle Sul, Sai Gajula, Margaret Mercante, Emily Tocco, Mackenzie M. Mayhew, Lynn T. Dengel, Ludimila Cavalcante, Lauren Hadley and Russell Gardner Witt

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080452 - 12 Aug 2025

Viewed by 775

Abstract

Sarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin that are generally resistant to systemic therapies and prone to local recurrence despite current multimodal treatment approaches. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a noninvasive therapeutic technology that may enhance standard treatment strategies for primary solid malignancies. FUS exerts [...] Read more.

Sarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin that are generally resistant to systemic therapies and prone to local recurrence despite current multimodal treatment approaches. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a noninvasive therapeutic technology that may enhance standard treatment strategies for primary solid malignancies. FUS exerts its effects through diverse mechanisms, including high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) thermal ablation, histotripsy, sonodynamic therapy, immunomodulation, and hyperthermia-enhanced drug delivery. In this narrative review, we summarize the mechanisms of focused ultrasound that have been investigated for the treatment of sarcomas and highlight the results of preclinical, veterinary, and clinical studies related to this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Evolving Role of Surgery in Multidisciplinary Care for Sarcoma Patients)

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14 pages, 1672 KB

Open AccessArticle

Experiences of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Targeted Therapy Using Journey Mapping: A Qualitative Study

by Hailing Tu, Minghui Wang, Shengmei Yang and Jingfang Hong

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080451 - 11 Aug 2025

Viewed by 755

Abstract

Targeted therapies against specific driver gene mutations have become the standard first-line treatment for most patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While these therapies significantly prolong survival, the entire cancer treatment journey remains challenging and distressing. To better understand these experiences, [...] Read more.

Targeted therapies against specific driver gene mutations have become the standard first-line treatment for most patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While these therapies significantly prolong survival, the entire cancer treatment journey remains challenging and distressing. To better understand these experiences, this study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, conducting semi-structured interviews with 18 advanced NSCLC patients receiving targeted therapy, supplemented by patient journey logs. The resulting journey map delineated five stages: diagnosis, initial treatment, maintenance therapy, disease progression, and end-of-life. The analysis identified four key themes characterizing patient experiences at each stage. These findings enable healthcare professionals to identify risk situations and determine optimal timing for support interventions. Similarly, preparing patients for the processes they must undergo and the side effects of medical treatment helps reduce their uncertainty and anxiety, thereby improving their quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)

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19 pages, 637 KB

Open AccessReview

Septic Shock in Hematological Malignancies: Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Outcomes

by Maria Eugenia Alvaro, Santino Caserta, Fabio Stagno, Manlio Fazio, Sebastiano Gangemi, Sara Genovese and Alessandro Allegra

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080450 - 10 Aug 2025

Viewed by 694

Abstract

Septic shock is a life-threatening complication of sepsis, particularly in patients with hematologic diseases who are highly susceptible to it due to profound immune dysregulation. Recent advances in artificial intelligence offer promising tools for improving septic shock diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in this [...] Read more.

Septic shock is a life-threatening complication of sepsis, particularly in patients with hematologic diseases who are highly susceptible to it due to profound immune dysregulation. Recent advances in artificial intelligence offer promising tools for improving septic shock diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in this vulnerable population. In detail, these innovative models analyzing electronic health records, immune function, and real-time physiological data have demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional scoring systems such as Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. In patients with hematologic malignancies, machine learning approaches have shown strong accuracy in predicting the sepsis risk using biomarkers like lactate and red cell distribution width, the latter emerging as a powerful, cost-effective predictor of mortality. Deep reinforcement learning has enabled the dynamic modelling of immune responses, facilitating the design of personalized treatment regimens helpful in reducing simulated mortality. Additionally, algorithms driven by artificial intelligence can optimize fluid and vasopressor management, corticosteroid use, and infection risk. However, challenges related to data quality, transparency, and ethical concerns must be addressed to ensure their safe integration into clinical practice. Clinically, AI could enable earlier detection of septic shock, better patient triage, and tailored therapies, potentially lowering mortality and the number of ICU admissions. However, risks like misclassification and bias demand rigorous validation and oversight. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to ensure that AI tools are implemented responsibly, with patient-centered outcomes and safety as primary goals. Overall, artificial intelligence holds transformative potential in managing septic shock among hematologic patients by enabling timely, individualized interventions, reducing overtreatment, and improving survival in this high-risk group of patients. Full article

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11 pages, 337 KB

Open AccessArticle

Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma and Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Chart Review

by Duaa Binjabal, Nasser Al Majarafi, Gregory R. Pond and Hal Hirte

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080449 - 10 Aug 2025

Viewed by 628

Abstract

This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GB) at the Juravinski Cancer Centre (JCC). The charts of 528 patients diagnosed with GB at the JCC from an 8-year period from 1 January 2013, to 31 December 2020, were [...] Read more.

This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma (GB) at the Juravinski Cancer Centre (JCC). The charts of 528 patients diagnosed with GB at the JCC from an 8-year period from 1 January 2013, to 31 December 2020, were reviewed. The primary objective was to assess the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in newly diagnosed GB. The secondary objective was to identify patients at higher risk of developing VTE to understand who might benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation. Data on the following factors were collected: date of diagnosis, time to death or last follow-up, location and size of tumour, degree of resection, presence and location of weakness, performance status, body mass index, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking history), baseline blood counts, and treatments administered. A total of 111 of the 528 patients (21%) were diagnosed with VTE. Most VTE (87%) occurred within 12 months of diagnosis. A previous cancer diagnosis and recurrence or disease progression were the only factors identified as predictive of a higher risk for developing thrombosis. Newly diagnosed patients with GB have been shown to have a significant risk of developing VTE. Consideration should be given for prophylactic anticoagulation at the time of diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neuro-Oncology)

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14 pages, 1188 KB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances in the Management of EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—A Narrative Review

by Prabhat Gautam Roy, Davida Reingold, Neha Pathak, Saurav Verma, Aarushi Gupta, Nicholas Meti, Consolacion Molto, Prabhat Singh Malik, Geordie Linford and Abhenil Mittal

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080448 - 9 Aug 2025

Viewed by 1271

Abstract

The treatment landscape for EGFR-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) has evolved significantly with multiple combination regimens demonstrating superiority over single agent Osimertinib over the past two years. Recent trials such as FLAURA2 and MARIPOSA have explored intensified front-line regimens, with FLAURA2 [...] Read more.

The treatment landscape for EGFR-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) has evolved significantly with multiple combination regimens demonstrating superiority over single agent Osimertinib over the past two years. Recent trials such as FLAURA2 and MARIPOSA have explored intensified front-line regimens, with FLAURA2 demonstrating improvement in PFS with the addition of chemotherapy to Osimertinib and MARIPOSA, showing both a PFS and OS benefit with a novel combination regimen of Amivantamab and Lazertinib. However, these regimens are associated with significantly higher toxicity to patients and pose a huge financial and logistical burden to the health care system; therefore, treatment selection must therefore be individualized, considering disease biology, patient fitness, and toxicity burden. Post-progression strategies remain challenging due to resistance mechanisms like EGFR C797S mutations and MET amplification and the lack of data post-progression on novel first-line combinations. Ongoing trials are investigating fourth-generation EGFR TKIs, MET inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, and bispecific antibodies in subsequent lines. While regimens like Amivantamab-Lazertinib show promise even in second-line settings, toxicity, cost, and access remain barriers. As therapeutic options expand, biomarker-driven sequencing and personalized care will be critical to optimizing long-term outcomes in EGFR-mutated mNSCLC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hype or Hope—Combination Therapies for Lung Cancer)

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18 pages, 926 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Population-Based Study of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Adults with Ocular Cancer in the United States, 2000–2021

by Duke Appiah, Abdulkader Almosa, Eli Heath, Noah De La Cruz and Obadeh Shabaneh

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080447 - 8 Aug 2025

Viewed by 517

Abstract

Little is known about the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among individuals with ocular cancer (OC), a population for whom reports on sex-based differences in survival remain inconsistent. We evaluated the occurrence of CVD mortality after the diagnosis of OC in the United [...] Read more.

Little is known about the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among individuals with ocular cancer (OC), a population for whom reports on sex-based differences in survival remain inconsistent. We evaluated the occurrence of CVD mortality after the diagnosis of OC in the United States. We used data from 11,460 adults diagnosed with OC from 2000 to 2021 who were ≥18 years and were enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. We used competing risk models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). About 55% of adults were male, with uveal melanoma being the most common OC (72.1%). During a median follow-up of 5.4 years, 4561 deaths occurred, with 15% attributable to CVD. In models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinico-pathophysiological factors, male adults had elevated risk for CVD mortality (HR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.31–1.81). The sex difference in CVD mortality was more prominent for adults diagnosed with OC before 65 years of age (HR: 2.15; 95%CI: 1.48–3.11). These associations remained largely unchanged in propensity score analysis. In this study of adults with OC, CVD deaths were higher among young and middle-aged males. Implementation of optimal cardiovascular health interventions after diagnosis of OC, especially among men, holds promise in enhancing survival in this population. Full article

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13 pages, 637 KB

Open AccessArticle

Stepping Stones to Sustainability Within Cancer Clinical Trials in Ireland

by Angela Clayton-Lea, Calvin R. Flynn, Claire Hopkins and Seamus O’Reilly

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080446 - 8 Aug 2025

Viewed by 560

Abstract

Cancer clinical trials contribute significantly to healthcare-related greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need to address sustainability in this area as the climate crisis intensifies. This study provides the first national assessment of sustainability awareness, attitudes, and practices within the Irish cancer clinical trials [...] Read more.

Cancer clinical trials contribute significantly to healthcare-related greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the need to address sustainability in this area as the climate crisis intensifies. This study provides the first national assessment of sustainability awareness, attitudes, and practices within the Irish cancer clinical trials community. A 21-item cross-sectional survey was distributed to 613 cancer research professionals affiliated with Cancer Trials Ireland, including clinicians, research nurses, trial coordinators, patient advocates and industry staff, yielding a 20.6% response rate. Survey items assessed awareness of sustainability tools, perceived carbon contributors, training received, confidence in implementing green practices, and perceived barriers and enablers to sustainability. Awareness of existing carbon footprint tools was low, with only 21% familiar with the Sustainable Clinical Trials Group guidelines and fewer than 6% aware of the National Institute for Health and Care Research calculator. Despite limited training and low confidence in implementing carbon-reductive measures, 86% of respondents expressed willingness to engage with sustainability initiatives. Trial-related travel, sample kit waste, and trial set-up were perceived as the highest contributors to emissions, though perceptions did not always align with published data. Key barriers included lack of education, institutional support, and regulatory clarity, while financial incentives and training were identified as enablers. Coordinated, system-wide interventions are needed to embed sustainability into cancer clinical trial design, governance, and funding processes. Full article

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13 pages, 958 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Surgical Margin Control in Index Tumors on Prognosis After Radical Prostatectomy: A Focus on Zonal Origin

by Jun Akatsuka, Yoshihiko Ogata, Kotaro Obayashi, Mami Takadate, Shunsuke Ikuma, Hiroya Hasegawa, Hikaru Mikami, Hayato Takeda, Yuki Endo, Takayuki Takahashi, Kaori Ono, Yuka Toyama, Yoichiro Yamamoto, Go Kimura and Yukihiro Kondo

Curr. Oncol. 2025, 32(8), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol32080445 - 7 Aug 2025

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Abstract

We investigated the clinical significance of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in index tumors following radical prostatectomy (RP), with particular attention to the tumor’s zonal origin. Among 1148 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent RPs, 973 were included after excluding those who received [...] Read more.

We investigated the clinical significance of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in index tumors following radical prostatectomy (RP), with particular attention to the tumor’s zonal origin. Among 1148 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent RPs, 973 were included after excluding those who received perioperative therapy or had incomplete data. Index tumors were categorized by zonal origin: transition zone, peripheral zone, or central zone (CZ). Overall, PSMs were observed in 26.4% of index tumors. Although CZ index tumors were relatively uncommon (6.5%), they exhibited the highest PSM rate (42.9%) and showed the most aggressive pathological features. The 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with PSMs in index tumors than in those with negative surgical margins (45.6% vs. 86.8%, p < 0.0001). Notably, patients with PSMs in CZ index tumors had the worst outcomes, with a 5-year BCR-free survival rate of 22.0%. Multivariate analysis identified PSMs in index tumors as an independent predictor of BCR (HR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.5–4.5), with a similar trend observed in early recurrence. These findings highlight the prognostic significance of PSMs in index tumors during RP, especially in CZ tumors, and emphasize the importance of securing local control in these cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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Curr. Oncol., Volume 32, Issue 8 (August 2025) – 64 articles

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