Optical Properties of Coal after Ex-Situ Experimental Simulation of Underground Gasification at Pressures of 10 and 40 bar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
2.1. Reactor Construction and Sample Preparation
2.2. Experiment Parameters and Sampling
2.3. Analyses Methods
3. Results
3.1. Properties of Raw Coal Sample before Gasification
3.2. Temperature Distribution in the Reactor during Gasification
3.3. Properties of Residues after Coal Gasification
3.3.1. Elemental Analysis
3.3.2. Optical Properties of the Residue after Gasification at a Pressure of 10 Bar
3.3.3. Optical Properties of the Residue after Gasification at a Pressure of 40 Bar
3.4. Maximum Temperature and Range of the Coal Gasification Process
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical–Technological Properties | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wa | Ad | Vdaf | Qdaf | Std | Cdaf | Hdaf | Ndaf | |
% | % | % | MJ/kg | % | % | % | % | |
2.36 | 2.74 | 32.61 | 31.9 | 0.31 | 81.74 | 4.39 | 1.3 | |
Optical Properties | ||||||||
Rr | S | Rmax | smax | Rmin | smin | Rrmax | Rrmin | Rbi |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % |
0.79 | 0.05 | 0.82 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.05 | 0.88 | 0.66 | 0.22 |
Pressure | Sample | d | Cdaf | Hdaf | Ndaf |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bar | m | % | |||
10-1 | 0.75 | 90.93 | 0.83 | 1.08 | |
10 | 10-2 | 1.75 | 92.19 | 0.68 | 1.40 |
10-3 | 2.75 | 91.09 | 0.98 | 1.43 | |
40-1 | 0.75 | 93.90 | 0.58 | 1.09 | |
40 | 40-2 | 1.75 | 92.56 | 1.15 | 1.54 |
40-3 | 2.75 | 88.98 | 2.38 | 1.39 |
Pressure | Sample | Rmax | smax | Rmin | smin | Rrmax | Rrmin | Rbi | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bar | % | ||||||||
10-1 | AM | 6.28 | 1.01 | 4.87 | 1.07 | 8.30 | 3.73 | 4.57 | |
10-2 | AM | 6.08 | 0.55 | 5.40 | 0.59 | 7.18 | 2.84 | 4.22 | |
10 | 10-3 | AM | 5.29 | 1.07 | 4.66 | 1.07 | NM | NM | NM |
Rmax < 3.5 | 2.76 | 0.60 | 2.29 | 0.55 | NM | NM | NM | ||
Rmax > 3.5 | 5.32 | 0.57 | 4.72 | 0.81 | 6.46 | 3.10 | 3.36 | ||
40-1 | AM | 6.00 | 1.56 | 4.95 | 1.28 | 9.12 | 2.39 | 6.73 | |
40-2 | AM | 4.95 | 1.51 | 4.31 | 1.57 | NM | NM | NM | |
Rmax < 3.5 | 2.93 | 0.77 | 2.24 | 0.55 | 4.47 | 1.14 | 3.33 | ||
40 | Rmax > 3.5 | 5.82 | 0.70 | 5.21 | 0.85 | 7.22 | 3.31 | 3.91 | |
40-3 | AM | 3.78 | 1.84 | 3.45 | 1.7 | NM | NM | NM | |
Rmax < 3.0 | 1.34 | 0.38 | 1.19 | 0.37 | NM | NM | NM | ||
Rmax > 3.0 | 5.09 | 0.39 | 4.60 | 0.46 | 5.87 | 3.68 | 2.19 |
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Nowak, J.; Kokowska-Pawłowska, M.; Komorek, J.; Wiatowski, M.; Kapusta, K.; Adamczyk, Z. Optical Properties of Coal after Ex-Situ Experimental Simulation of Underground Gasification at Pressures of 10 and 40 bar. Energies 2022, 15, 8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238824
Nowak J, Kokowska-Pawłowska M, Komorek J, Wiatowski M, Kapusta K, Adamczyk Z. Optical Properties of Coal after Ex-Situ Experimental Simulation of Underground Gasification at Pressures of 10 and 40 bar. Energies. 2022; 15(23):8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238824
Chicago/Turabian StyleNowak, Jacek, Magdalena Kokowska-Pawłowska, Joanna Komorek, Marian Wiatowski, Krzysztof Kapusta, and Zdzisław Adamczyk. 2022. "Optical Properties of Coal after Ex-Situ Experimental Simulation of Underground Gasification at Pressures of 10 and 40 bar" Energies 15, no. 23: 8824. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238824