Sliding Wear Performance of AlCrN Coating on TiB2/Ti Composites at High Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. TiB2/Ti Composites
2.2. AlCrN Coating
2.3. Wear Tests
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- The conducted research on ceramic-based discs of Ti/TiB2 has demonstrated that the selection of input powder mixtures and methods of their consolidation are the important issues to be taken into consideration for successful design of PVD coatings intended for high-temperature applications.
- The composites were manufactured by spark plasma sintering (SPS) from three variants of powders mixtures: Ti with TiB2, Ti6Al4V with TiB2 as well as Ti with B, using (five) different sintering temperatures. The composites made of Ti6Al4V-TiB2 require further optimization to reach the level of porosity and homogeneity adequate for proper finishing of the surface, which is crucial for coating deposition and the assessment of adhesion and wear resistance. The composites made of powders mixtures: Ti with TiB2, as well as Ti and B with different sintering temperatures are suitable for obtaining sufficient surface finish and to be coated in PVD process.
- The coating adhesion, measured using critical loads, obtained for the coating deposited on the surface of composites, depend on sintering temperature. The highest values of critical loads were obtained for the coated samples fabricated from the powder mixture prepared of the pure titanium and titanium diboride raw powders (Ti-TiB2). The first brittle cracks were found at loads a bit above 30 N, the partial delamination in the range of 36–40 N, and exposure of the substrate (total removal of the coating) at loads slightly above 75 N.
- The volumetric wear of the uncoated composites is found to be stable up to 400 °C, but further temperature rise, leads to two-fold increase in volumetric wear at 600 °C and 7-fold and 10-fold at 750 °C and 900 °C, respectively.
- The AlCrN coating can provide protection of the composites against the wear in the wide range of temperatures (from room temperature up to 900 °C).
- In the case of uncoated composite, two processes play a major role during wear: cracking propagation and surface oxidation. Both processes are temperature dependent. The presence of AlCrN coating on the composite surface protects the surface against deep cracking and surface oxidation.
- The composites of Group I, from a mixture of pure Ti and TiB2 as well as Group III from a mixture of pure Ti and B allow to the achievement of a satisfactory surface quality, high adhesion of the PVD coating and moderate wear at high temperatures. However, the composite made of pure Ti and B seems to be better solution for temperatures exceeding 600 °C.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Temp. | Ra | HRC |
---|---|---|---|
[°C] | [µm] | - | |
Group I (Ti-TiB2) | 1250 | 0.091 ± 0.008 | 76 ± 2 |
1450 | 0.067 ± 0.007 | 77 ± 1 | |
Group II (Ti6Al4V-TiB2) | 1050 | 1.599 ± 0.200 | 58 ± 9 |
1150 | 0.853 ± 0.080 | 70 ± 2 | |
1250 | 0.461 ± 0.005 | 75 ± 2 | |
Group III (Ti-B) | 1050 | 0.034 ± 0.004 | 79 ± 1 |
1150 | 0.036 ± 0.005 | 80 ± 1 | |
1350 | 0.044 ± 0.004 | 79 ± 1 |
Name | Temp. | LC1 | LC2 | LC3 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[°C] | [N] | [N] | [N] | |
Group I (Ti-TiB2) | 1250 | 28.0 | 38.5 | 77.8 |
1450 | 36.9 | 38.9 | 75.4 | |
Group II (Ti6Al4V-TiB2) | 1050 | not measurable | not measurable | not measurable |
1150 | not measurable | not measurable | not measurable | |
1250 | not measurable | not measurable | not measurable | |
Group III (Ti-B) | 1050 | 15.0 | 38.0 | 61.7 |
1150 | 14.2 | 33.8 | 71.2 | |
1350 | 16.0 | 36.1 | 66.4 |
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Michalczewski, R.; Kalbarczyk, M.; Słomka, Z.; Osuch-Słomka, E.; Łuszcz, M.; Liu, L.; Antonov, M.; Hussainova, I. Sliding Wear Performance of AlCrN Coating on TiB2/Ti Composites at High Temperatures. Materials 2021, 14, 6771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226771
Michalczewski R, Kalbarczyk M, Słomka Z, Osuch-Słomka E, Łuszcz M, Liu L, Antonov M, Hussainova I. Sliding Wear Performance of AlCrN Coating on TiB2/Ti Composites at High Temperatures. Materials. 2021; 14(22):6771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226771
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichalczewski, Remigiusz, Marek Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew Słomka, Edyta Osuch-Słomka, Maciej Łuszcz, Le Liu, Maksim Antonov, and Irina Hussainova. 2021. "Sliding Wear Performance of AlCrN Coating on TiB2/Ti Composites at High Temperatures" Materials 14, no. 22: 6771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226771