The Damage Performance of Uncarbonated Limestone Cement Pastes Partially Exposed to Na2SO4 Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Materials
2.2. Specimens Preparation and Exposure Conditions
2.3. Test Setup
2.4. 1H NMR, XRD and SEM Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Damage of Specimens
3.2. Pore Structure Analysis
3.3. Compositional Analysis
3.4. Microstructure Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The large quantity of small pores (<100 nm) in PC specimens caused strong capillary adsorption that favors the migration of sulfate ions to the evaporation zone. The reactions between these ions and hydrates led to the massive formation of expansive products (ettringite and gypsum) that were filled in the pores and caused cracking of the specimen, whereas the damage in the immersion zone was relatively slight.
- (2)
- Limestone addition significantly increased the larger pores (>100 nm) while decreased the finer pores (<100 nm) in specimens, which resulted in a gradual coarsening of the pore structure and an increase in porosity. As such, the capillary absorption effect in limestone-cements was weakened, and, therefore, sulfate attack in the evaporation zone was alleviated. However, the larger pores promoted diffusion of sulfate ions and thus serious damage chemical attack was found in the immersion zone.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CaO | SiO2 | Fe2O3 | MgO | Al2O3 | SO3 | TiO2 | K2O | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | 62.68 | 19.62 | 2.96 | 1.89 | 4.37 | 2.06 | 0.24 | 0.71 |
Limestone | 54.99 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.55 | 0.24 | 0.63 | / | 0.01 |
Number | Cement/% | Limestone/% | W/B |
---|---|---|---|
PC | 100 | 0 | 0.55 |
LS10 | 90 | 10 | |
LS20 | 80 | 20 | |
LS30 | 70 | 30 |
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Cui, Y.; Pei, M.; Huang, J.; Hou, W.; Liu, Z. The Damage Performance of Uncarbonated Limestone Cement Pastes Partially Exposed to Na2SO4 Solution. Materials 2022, 15, 8351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238351
Cui Y, Pei M, Huang J, Hou W, Liu Z. The Damage Performance of Uncarbonated Limestone Cement Pastes Partially Exposed to Na2SO4 Solution. Materials. 2022; 15(23):8351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238351
Chicago/Turabian StyleCui, Yu, Min Pei, Ju Huang, Wei Hou, and Zanqun Liu. 2022. "The Damage Performance of Uncarbonated Limestone Cement Pastes Partially Exposed to Na2SO4 Solution" Materials 15, no. 23: 8351. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238351