CO2 Sorption on Ti-, Zr-, and [Ti,Zr]-Pillared Montmorillonites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chemical Analysis
3.2. XRD Analysis
3.3. Textural Analysis
3.4. FESEM Analysis
3.5. CO2 Sorption
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | SiO2 [wt.%] | Al2O3 [wt.%] | MgO [wt.%] | Fe2O3 [wt.%] | CaO [wt.%] | Na2O [wt.%] | K2O [wt.%] | TiO2 [wt.%] | ZrO2 [wt.%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kopernica | 70.95 | 21.04 | 2.71 | 2.37 | 2.09 | 0.06 | 0.58 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
Zr-PILC | 59.95 | 19.30 | 2.02 | 2.01 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.40 | 0.13 | 16.08 |
Ti-PILC | 43.63 | 13.31 | 1.36 | 1.42 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.28 | 39.76 | 0.03 |
[Ti,Zr]-PILC | 53.54 | 17.33 | 1.86 | 1.78 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 9.41 | 15.64 |
Sample | 001 Reflection Maximum [° 2θ] | 001 Reflection FWHM [° 2θ] | d001 [nm] |
---|---|---|---|
Kopernica | 6.03 | 1.20 | 1.47 |
Zr-Mt | 4.70 | 0.94 | 1.88 |
Zr-PILC | 5.38 | 1.17 | 1.64 |
Ti-Mt | 3.55 | 0.92 | 2.49 |
Ti-PILC | 3.94 | 0.87 | 2.24 |
[Ti,Zr]-Mt | 4.25 | 1.00 | 2.08 |
[Ti,Zr]-PILC | 4.55 | 1.07 | 1.94 |
Sample | SBET [m2/g] | Vtot [cm3/g] | Vmicro [cm3/g] | Vmicro/Vtot | Vmeso [cm3/g] | Vmeso/Vtot | Vmacro [cm3/g] | Vmacro/Vtot | Dav [nm] | d001 [nm] | CO2 [mmol/g] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kopernica | 52 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.65 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 13.2 | 1.47 | 0.16 |
Zr-PILC | 132 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.29 | 6.3 | 1.65 | 0.53 |
Ti-PILC | 310 | 0.36 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 4.7 | 2.24 | 0.57 |
[Ti,Zr]-PILC | 258 | 0.23 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.09 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 3.6 | 1.94 | 0.67 |
Pillared Clay | Clay Provenience/ Pretreatment | CO2 Adsorption Capacity (mmol CO2/g) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Al-PILC | Montmorillonite Tsukinuno, Japan/ purified | 1.0 | [23] |
Al-PILC | Montmorillonite Kunipia, Japan/ Na-exchanged | 0.8 | [24] |
Al-PILC | Montmorillonite Wyoming, USA/ Na-exchanged | 0.6 | [24] |
Zr-PILC | Montmorillonite Tsukinuno, Japan/ purified | 0.8 | [23] |
Zr-PILC | Bentonite Benavila-Alentejo, Portugal/ purified, Na-exchanged | 1.5 | [20] |
Zr-PILC | Montmorillonite Wyoming, USA/ Na-exchanged | 0.5 | [24] |
(TiO2–SiO2)-PILC | Montmorillonite Wyoming, USA/ Na-exchanged | 1.2 | [24] |
Zr-PILC | Industrial bentonite Kopernica, Slovakia/ as received | 0.5 | This work |
Ti-PILC | Industrial bentonite Kopernica, Slovakia/ as received | 0.6 | This work |
[Ti,Zr]-PILC | Industrial bentonite Kopernica, Slovakia/ as received | 0.7 | This work |
Sample | CO2 Desorption/QMS [mmol/g] | H2O Hydration/TG [wt.%] | H2O Dehydroxylation/TG [wt.%] |
---|---|---|---|
Kopernica | 0.10 | 12.0 | 4.0 |
Zr-PILC | 0.04 | 6.3 | 2.9 |
Zr-PILC exposed to dry CO2 | 0.03 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
Ti-PILC | 0.04 | 11.1 | 2.4 |
Ti-PILC exposed to dry CO2 | 0.02 | 5.1 | 3.0 |
[Ti,Zr]-PILC | 0.05 | 10.8 | 3.1 |
[Ti,Zr]-PILC exposed to dry CO2 | 0.01 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
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Klimek, A.; Gaweł, A.; Górniak, K.; Tomczyk-Chmiel, A.; Serwicka, E.M.; Bahranowski, K. CO2 Sorption on Ti-, Zr-, and [Ti,Zr]-Pillared Montmorillonites. Materials 2024, 17, 4036. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164036
Klimek A, Gaweł A, Górniak K, Tomczyk-Chmiel A, Serwicka EM, Bahranowski K. CO2 Sorption on Ti-, Zr-, and [Ti,Zr]-Pillared Montmorillonites. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4036. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164036
Chicago/Turabian StyleKlimek, Agnieszka, Adam Gaweł, Katarzyna Górniak, Anna Tomczyk-Chmiel, Ewa M. Serwicka, and Krzysztof Bahranowski. 2024. "CO2 Sorption on Ti-, Zr-, and [Ti,Zr]-Pillared Montmorillonites" Materials 17, no. 16: 4036. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164036