Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plasma Source and Material Preparation
2.1.1. Plasma Source Set-up and Diagnosis Methods
2.1.2. Material Preparation
2.2. Surface and Volume Characterization Methods of Polymeric Sample
2.2.1. Surface Morphology: Atomic Force Microscopy
2.2.2. Static Contact Angle and Surface Energy
2.2.3. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) of Polymers
2.2.4. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
2.2.5. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.2.6. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS)
2.2.7. X-ray Diffraction
2.2.8. Mechanical Properties: Impact and Tensile Testing
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electro-Optical Characterization of Plasma Source
3.2. Surface and Volume Characterization Methods of Polymeric Sample
3.2.1. Surface Morphology: Atomic Force Microscopy
3.2.2. Static CA and Surface Energy
3.2.3. XPS Spectroscopy
3.2.4. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
3.2.5. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
3.2.6. Dielectric Properties
3.2.7. X-ray Diffraction
3.2.8. Mechanical Properties: Impact and Tensile Testing
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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[nm] | Transition | E [eV] |
---|---|---|
308 OH | ← | 4 |
337 N | ← | 11.0 |
391 N | ← | 18.7 |
587 He | ← | 23.1 |
667 He | ← | 23.1 |
696 Ar | ← | 13.3 |
706 He | ← | 22.7 |
728 He | ← | 22.9 |
772 Ar | ← | 13.3 |
777 O | ← | 10.7 |
811 Ar | ← | 13.0 |
826 Ar | ← | 13.3 |
844 O | ← | 11.0 |
Sample | S (nm) | S (nm) | S | ek | S (nm) | S (nm) | S (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABS-fil | 13.25 | 9.74 | 1.13 | 3.48 | 95.32 | 42.53 | 137.86 |
ABS-fil | 6.10 | 4.58 | 0.79 | 4.81 | 63.46 | 22.48 | 85.94 |
ABS-prt | 40.6 | 43.84 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 178.66 | 178.16 | 356.82 |
ABS-prt | 13.80 | 10.86 | 0.20 | 0.35 | 58.68 | 55.95 | 114.63 |
Contact Angle | Work of Adhesion | 1 | Surface Free Energy | 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(°) | (mN/m) | (%) | (%) | (mN/m) | (%) | |||||
Sample | Distilled Water | Glycerol | W12-Water | W12-Glycerol | Water | Glycol | γS | γSd | γSp | γp/γ |
ABS-fil 3 | 82 | 69 | 81.96 | 86.06 | – | – | 110.61 | 109.40 | 1.21 | 0.010 |
ABS-fil | 34 | 47 | 132.56 | 107.61 | 61.74 | 25.03 | 98.04 | 0.78 | 97.25 | 0.991 |
ABS-fil | 36 | 38 | 131.10 | 114.17 | 59.96 | 32.65 | 59.76 | 12.13 | 47.63 | 0.797 |
ABS-prt 4 | 96 | 107 | 64.10 | 44.90 | – | – | 74.65 | 19.86 | 54.79 | 0.733 |
ABS-prt | 64 | 76 | 103.88 | 78.80 | 62.04 | 75.52 | 109.86 | 14.52 | 95.34 | 0.867 |
ABS-prt | 69 | 80 | 98.17 | 74.93 | 53.14 | 66.89 | 93.31 | 11.2 | 82.11 | 0.879 |
Sample | Measured Atomic Ratio (%) | O/C Ratio (%) | N/C Ratio (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | O1s | N1s | |||
ABS-fill 1 | 91.86 | 5.78 | 2.36 | 6.29 | 2.56 |
ABS-fill | 83.54 | 13.64 | 2.82 | 16.32 | 3.37 |
ABS-fill | 82.7 | 15.85 | 1.45 | 19.16 | 1.75 |
ABS-prt 2 | 89.81 | 4.29 | 5.9 | 4.77 | 6.56 |
ABS-prt | 89.79 | 5.28 | 4.93 | 5.88 | 5.49 |
ABS-prt | 90.95 | 3.87 | 5.18 | 4.25 | 5.69 |
Wavenumber Regions (cm) | Groups Assignment |
---|---|
698–699 | Aromatic C–H bend |
759 | Aromatic C–H bend and =C–H bend |
911–967 | =C–H bend in poly(butadiene) |
1215 | C–O–C vibrations |
1452–1453 | CH bend/scissoring mode |
1494–1497 | Aromatic ring in styrene |
1583 | Aromatic ring in styrene |
1600–1900 | O–H stretching; C–H, C–H, and C–H stretch first overtones |
1602 | Aromatic ring in styrene |
1637 | C=C stretch mode of poly(butadiene) |
1718 | C=O stretch |
1781–1860 | C=O asymmetric and symmetric stretch from anhidride groups |
2237–2239 | CN stretching from acrylonitrile |
2800–3127 | C–H stretching from aromatic and aliphatic |
3300 | ABS additives |
3000–3500 | –OH water |
Sample | T (°C) | T (°C) | T (°C) |
---|---|---|---|
ABS | 107 | 142 | 119 |
ABS | 107 | 142 | 118 |
ABS | 105 | 141 | 119 |
Sample | T (°C) | |
---|---|---|
ABS | 5.7 | 104 |
ABS | 5.4 | 103.2 |
ABS | 5.4 | 101.7 |
Sample | Impact Strength | Impact Energy | Young’s Modulus | Tensile Strength | Elongation at Break |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kJ/m2) | (J) | (MPa) | (MPa) | (mm) | |
ABS | 12.35 ± 1.5 | 0.48 ± 0.06 | 653 ± 20 | 35.17 ± 0.8 | 0.74 ± 0.01 |
ABS | 11.38 ± 1.1 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 650 ± 20 | 33.59 ± 1.6 | 0.84 ± 0.08 |
ABS | 13.09 ± 1.4 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 645 ± 15 | 32.88 ± 0.6 | 0.90 ± 0.04 |
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Nastuta, A.V.; Asandulesa, M.; Spiridon, I.; Varganici, C.-D.; Huzum, R.; Mihaila, I. Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Materials 2024, 17, 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081848
Nastuta AV, Asandulesa M, Spiridon I, Varganici C-D, Huzum R, Mihaila I. Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Materials. 2024; 17(8):1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081848
Chicago/Turabian StyleNastuta, Andrei Vasile, Mihai Asandulesa, Iuliana Spiridon, Cristian-Dragos Varganici, Ramona Huzum, and Ilarion Mihaila. 2024. "Effects of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)" Materials 17, no. 8: 1848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081848