Effects of Post-Thinning Precipitation on Soil Acid Phosphomonoesterase Activity in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Plantations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description and Experimental Design
2.2. Soil Sampling
2.3. Soil Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Moisture
3.2. Soil Chemical and Microbial Properties
3.3. Soil AcPME Activity
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil AcPME Activity in the Dry and Rainy Seasons
4.2. Effects of Thinning on Soil AcPME Activity under Natural Levels of Precipitation
4.3. Effects of Precipitation Treatments on Soil AcPME Activity
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Season | Thinning | Precipitation | pH | TC(g kg−1) | TN(g kg−1) | TP(g kg−1) | MBC(mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry | CK | NP | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 43.7 ± 3.7 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 345.0 ± 2.2 a |
RP30 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 66.1 ± 11.7 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 0.29 ± 0.00 | 273.4 ± 12.6 ab | ||
RP60 | 6.0 ± 0.1 | 44.1 ± 1.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 231.4 ± 31.3 b | ||
p | 0.113 | 0.112 | 0.189 | 0.062 | 0.017 | ||
LT | NP | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 38.8 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 0.2 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 343.2 ± 7.3 | |
RP30 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 39.7 ± 5.2 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 349.2 ± 108.8 | ||
RP60 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 41.0 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.37 ± 0.00 | 331.7 ± 76.1 | ||
p | 0.290 | 0.898 | 0.196 | 0.130 | 0.987 | ||
MT | NP | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 53.4 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 0.63 ± 0.04 a | 389.2 ± 13.5 | |
RP30 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 63.3 ± 4.8 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 0.53 ± 0.04 ab | 355.1 ± 23.0 | ||
RP60 | 5.8 ± 0.0 | 56.8 ± 3.3 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 0.44 ± 0.02 b | 348.1 ± 19.0 | ||
p | 0.207 | 0.188 | 0.565 | 0.025 | 0.326 | ||
HT | NP | 6.1 ± 0.0 | 54.8 ± 4.8 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 383.1 ± 14.5 | |
RP30 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 58.0 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 425.6 ± 37.6 | ||
RP60 | 5.8 ± 0.1 | 59.5 ± 8.1 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 338.5 ± 37.2 | ||
p | 0.065 | 0.825 | 0.769 | 0.712 | 0.230 | ||
Rainy | CK | NP | 6.1 ± 0.0 | 48.2 ± 4.0 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | 0.51 ± 0.00 a | 649.9 ± 12.3 |
RP30 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 45.1 ± 5.0 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 0.44 ± 0.01 b | 659.2 ± 60.5 | ||
RP60 | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 47.2 ± 4.1 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.38 ± 0.01 c | 624.8 ± 33.9 | ||
p | 0.760 | 0.878 | 0.736 | < 0.001 | 0.831 | ||
LT | NP | 6.1 ± 0.1 a | 39.4 ± 3.1 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 0.57 ± 0.02 a | 537.8 ± 5.9 | |
RP30 | 5.9 ± 0.0 ab | 45.2 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.47 ± 0.02 b | 561.7 ± 86 | ||
RP60 | 5.8 ± 0.0 b | 43.2 ± 0.4 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 0.46 ± 0.02 b | 650.7 ± 41.7 | ||
p | 0.045 | 0.174 | 0.601 | 0.007 | 0.376 | ||
MT | NP | 6.1 ± 0.0 | 58.0 ± 4.8 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 0.65 ± 0.00 a | 614.4 ± 16.3 | |
RP30 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 60.5 ± 3.7 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 0.53 ± 0.01 b | 621.4 ± 44.5 | ||
RP60 | 6.3 ± 0.1 | 572 ± 2.3 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 0.53 ± 0.02 b | 754.1 ± 72.8 | ||
p | 0.361 | 0.813 | 0.874 | 0.001 | 0.166 | ||
HT | NP | 6.2 ± 0.2 | 45.4 ± 2.8 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 0.59 ± 0.02 a | 694.3 ± 33.3 | |
RP30 | 6.1 ± 0.2 | 57.2 ± 3.7 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 0.47 ± 0.02 b | 616.2 ± 27.0 | ||
RP60 | 6.0 ± 0.1 | 54.4 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 0.53 ± 0.02 ab | 719.8 ± 10.9 | ||
p | 0.664 | 0.068 | 0.809 | 0.030 | 0.070 |
Season | Thinning | Precipitation | R-Pi | Bic-Pi | Bic-Po | OH-Pi | OH-Po | Dil.HCl-Pi | Conc.HCl-Pi | Conc.HCl-Po | Res-Pi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg kg−1 | |||||||||||
Dry | CK | NP | 6.5 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.5 a | 10.8 ± 1.6 | 76.8 ± 5.4 | 38.8 ± 2.2 a | 46.7 ± 2.8 a | 83.8 ± 1.0 a | 61.0 ± 3.7 |
RP30 | 7.1 ± 1.1 | 7.8 ± 0.7 | 3.1 ± 0.1 b | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 65.7 ± 3.4 | 25.2 ± 1.1 b | 29.9 ± 1.6 b | 71.1 ± 1.1 b | 64.2 ± 4 | ||
RP60 | 6.9 ± 0.5 | 6.7 ± 0.0 | 3.0 ± 0.1 b | 12.5 ± 1.1 | 87.7 ± 10.2 | 35.1 ± 1.1 a | 54.5 ± 3.8 a | 45.2 ± 3.1 c | 64.2 ± 8 | ||
p | 0.850 | 0.323 | 0.002 | 0.577 | 0.163 | 0.002 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | 0.900 | ||
LT | NP | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 7.0 ± 1.1 | 14.1 ± 0.2 a | 11.8 ± 2.5 | 87.6 ± 7.4 | 40.0 ± 5.7 | 43.6 ± 3.1 | 114.8 ± 9.5 a | 85.5 ± 21.2 | |
RP30 | 10.5 ± 0.6 | 7.5 ± 0.3 | 15.9 ± 1.5 a | 11.6 ± 0.8 | 77.6 ± 4.3 | 34.8 ± 2.4 | 38.3 ± 1.6 | 66.2 ± 6.2 b | 86.8 ± 0.5 | ||
RP60 | 9.3 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 7.0 ± 1.4 b | 12.8 ± 0.5 | 92.3 ± 2.2 | 37.4 ± 2.7 | 43.6 ± 1.7 | 59.3 ± 3.0 b | 97.8 ± 7.4 | ||
p | 0.087 | 0.894 | 0.004 | 0.839 | 0.199 | 0.654 | 0.236 | 0.002 | 0.771 | ||
MT | NP | 13.4 ± 0.9 | 11.6 ± 2.7 | 21.7 ± 4.7 a | 17.4 ± 2.1 | 167.1 ± 20.1 | 84.8 ± 8.9 | 30.9 ± 2.0 | 132.0 ± 8.9 a | 155.2 ± 14.1 a | |
RP30 | 11.7 ± 0.3 | 14.2 ± 1.3 | 17.0 ± 1.2 ab | 17.3 ± 1.1 | 137.1 ± 26.2 | 73.6 ± 18.5 | 24.5 ± 2.1 | 115.7 ± 2.8 ab | 115.0 ± 7.5 ab | ||
RP60 | 12.6 ± 1.3 | 11.6 ± 3.0 | 8.9 ± 0.9 b | 16.3 ± 1.5 | 115.2 ± 4.3 | 62.4 ± 5.6 | 33.7 ± 3.7 | 95.4 ± 5.1 b | 87.8 ± 11.1b | ||
p | 0.509 | 0.702 | 0.049 | 0.872 | 0.240 | 0.483 | 0.125 | 0.016 | 0.015 | ||
HT | NP | 10.2 ± 2.8 | 10.0 ± 1.1 | 14.4 ± 4.6 | 10.8 ± 0.2 | 125.8 ± 8.1 | 66.7 ± 16.1 | 40.1 ± 2.2 | 76.7 ± 3.8 | 100.7 ± 15.3 | |
RP30 | 12.1 ± 0.9 | 12.3 ± 1.3 | 18.2 ± 1.9 | 12.3 ± 0.6 | 118.7 ± 4.3 | 58.3 ± 10.4 | 37.0 ± 1.3 | 66.7 ± 2.0 | 93.6 ± 2.9 | ||
RP60 | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 9.6 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 115.2 ± 17.0 | 75.6 ± 2.4 | 42.1 ± 1.0 | 65.6 ± 2.8 | 80.6 ± 2.0 | ||
p | 0.602 | 0.195 | 0.174 | 0.185 | 0.798 | 0.577 | 0.154 | 0.069 | 0.350 | ||
Rainy | CK | NP | 10.3 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 2.7 ab | 12.3 ± 0.0 b | 135.2 ± 0.8 a | 51.8 ± 0.1 | 31.2 ± 0.1 | 96.7 ± 3.7 a | 155.9 ± 8.5 |
RP30 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 9.4 ± 1.3 | 15.0 ± 0.2 a | 14.1 ± 0.5 a | 83.1 ± 9.2 b | 42.7 ± 5.5 | 28.5 ± 2.7 | 88.8 ± 2.3 a | 150.3 ± 12.5 | ||
RP60 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | 7.7 ± 0.0 | 6.5 ± 0.5 b | 10.3 ± 0.2 c | 83.1 ± 2.3 b | 39.1 ± 5.1 | 28.9 ± 1.2 | 50.0 ± 2.4 b | 150.2 ± 5.6 | ||
p | 0.063 | 0.330 | 0.025 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.181 | 0.519 | < 0.001 | 0.885 | ||
LT | NP | 10.6 ± 1.0 | 9.4 ± 0.7 | 10.5 ± 1.3 | 21.7 ± 0.1 | 129.7 ± 4.2 a | 61.7 ± 2.4 | 32.8 ± 1.0 | 128.3 ± 5.9 a | 162.6 ± 10.2 | |
RP30 | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | 15.0 ± 2.8 | 20.2 ± 0.1 | 92.0 ± 9.9 b | 52.3 ± 5.5 | 39.6 ± 5.1 | 74.1 ± 6.2 b | 164.8 ± 10.8 | ||
RP60 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 10.8 ± 0.6 | 19.4 ± 1.3 | 75.1 ± 1.5 b | 55.5 ± 7.4 | 44.6 ± 2.0 | 79.0 ± 2.1 b | 163.1 ± 11.3 | ||
p | 0.090 | 0.066 | 0.226 | 0.173 | 0.002 | 0.505 | 0.100 | < 0.001 | 0.989 | ||
MT | NP | 10.9 ± 1.2 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 18.5 ± 1.7 a | 20.4 ± 0.2 | 166.7 ± 7.8 a | 105.9 ± 9.8 | 31.6 ± 0.3 | 150.5 ± 6.0 a | 135.9 ± 4.4 | |
RP30 | 12.1 ± 2.7 | 8.7 ± 1.4 | 15.7 ± 0.6 a | 24.9 ± 3.9 | 102.0 ± 1.5 b | 100.7 ± 3.5 | 23.9 ± 3.5 | 108.7 ± 2.1 b | 135.9 ± 7.5 | ||
RP60 | 15.4 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 1.1 | 10.1 ± 0.4 b | 18.8 ± 2.0 | 79.7 ± 2.1 c | 105.3 ± 15.8 | 25.2 ± 2.2 | 121.9 ± 4.9 b | 142.5 ± 8.4 | ||
p | 0.318 | 0.874 | 0.005 | 0.288 | < 0.001 | 0.935 | 0.122 | 0.002 | 0.754 | ||
HT | NP | 13.1 ± 1.6 | 8.3 ± 0.8 | 19.0 ± 0.3 a | 22.0 ± 0.2 | 123.2 ± 5.4 a | 83.6 ± 8.9 | 31.2 ± 0.3 | 131.5 ± 18.9 | 159.7 ± 10.9 | |
RP30 | 11.3 ± 2.5 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 13.3 ± 0.8 b | 20.4 ± 1.8 | 98.5 ± 6.3 b | 50.0 ± 9.3 | 32.3 ± 8.6 | 90.3 ± 6.3 | 149.5 ± 6.9 | ||
RP60 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 10.5 ± 2.5 | 8.8 ± 0.9 c | 19.7 ± 0.9 | 100.7 ± 2.6 b | 77.8 ± 10.6 | 39.8 ± 4.4 | 109.4 ± 8.7 | 155.5 ± 5.5 | ||
p | 0.442 | 0.580 | < 0.001 | 0.424 | 0.024 | 0.098 | 0.533 | 0.146 | 0.684 |
Soil Properties | pH | TC | TN | TP | MBC | R-Pi | Bic-Pi | Bic-Po | OH-Pi | OH-Po | Dil.HCl-Pi | Conc.HCl-Pi | Conc.HCl-Po | ResPi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AcPME | 0.24 * | 0.15 | −0.54 ** | 0.71 ** | 0.77 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.05 | 0.46 ** | 0.64 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.56 ** | −0.48 ** | 0.58 ** | 0.70 * |
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Tian, H.; Cheng, X.; Han, H. Effects of Post-Thinning Precipitation on Soil Acid Phosphomonoesterase Activity in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Plantations. Forests 2019, 10, 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090734
Tian H, Cheng X, Han H. Effects of Post-Thinning Precipitation on Soil Acid Phosphomonoesterase Activity in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Plantations. Forests. 2019; 10(9):734. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090734
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Huixia, Xiaoqin Cheng, and Hairong Han. 2019. "Effects of Post-Thinning Precipitation on Soil Acid Phosphomonoesterase Activity in Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. Plantations" Forests 10, no. 9: 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090734