Viruses, Volume 17, Issue 8

Background: Major geopolitical events and structural shocks are thought to play a significant role in shaping HIV epidemics by influencing individual behaviours, reshaping social networks, and impacting HIV prevention and treatment programs. Here, we...

Fruit bats in the genus Pteropus are the natural reservoirs for zoonotic paramyxoviruses, notably henipaviruses and pararubulaviruses, which are found across Southeast Asia and Oceania. The genetic and antigenic diversity of viruses in both genera, a...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) significantly contributes to anogenital cancers, with elevated risks among people living with HIV (PWH), particularly men who have sex with men (MSM). This study assessed anal HPV prevalence and associated risk factors in P...

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a leporipoxvirus that causes lethal disease in Leporids. Hares and rabbits belong to the Leporidae family and are believed to have had a common ancestor 12 million years ago. After seventy years of contact with European hares w...

Heterobasidion root rot fungi represent a major threat to conifer forest stands, and virocontrol (biocontrol) has been proposed as an alternative strategy of disease management in recent years. Here, we investigated the occurrence of RNA viruses and...

Background: Methamphetamine use, which is disproportionately prevalent among people with HIV, increases risk for cardio- and neurovascular pathology through persistent immune activation and inflammation. Preclinical studies indicate that cannabinoids...

Norovirus–bacterial interactions influence viral replication and immune responses, yet the molecular details that mediate binding of these viruses to commensal bacteria are unknown. Studies with other enteric viruses have revealed that LPS and other...

CD9 protein belongs to a family of proteins called tetraspanins, so named for their four-transmembrane-spanning architectures. These proteins are located in domains in the plasmatic membrane, called tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). Several p...

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of acute respiratory tract infections, particularly in infants, young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Since its discovery in 2001, the virus has been recognized for its signific...

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and is strongly associated with Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EBV encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme, BPLF1, which is important for infectiou...

Integrase is a key protein during HIV-1 replication as it catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the host DNA. After several decades of research, highly potent and selective active site inhibitors have emerged. The new challenge is now to develo...

Porcine reproductive failure (PRF) is a complex that affects reproductive parameters, leading to significant economic losses for intensive swine farms worldwide. The causes of PRF involve multiple infectious agents, classified into two main groups: p...

There is a need for safe and effective vaccines against the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that infects both humans and equines. However, development of a live-attenuated vaccine using the TC-83 strain has been hampered by substantial reactogen...

Visceral disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection (VD-VZV) involves the hematogenous spread of VZV from the skin to the internal organs. Though rare, it is potentially life-threatening, predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Diag...

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) is a promising cancer immunotherapy that induces tumor cell lysis and stimulates anti-tumor immunity. Our previous single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of oHSV-treated medulloblastoma tumors revealed expansion and...

The journal retracts the article “Role of Protein VII in the Production of Infectious Bovine Adenovirus-3 Virion” [...]

Clinical evidence has associated H1N1 influenza with liver impairment, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated H1N1-induced liver damage and its potential mechanisms using a BALB/c mouse infection model. Patholog...

Limited surveillance and laboratory testing for non-influenza viruses remains a challenge in Uganda. The World Health Organization (WHO) designated National Influenza Center (NIC) tested samples from patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and sev...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the standard diagnostic assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection was RT-qPCR using TaqMan probes, with samples primarily taken through nasal and oropharyngeal swabs. The TaqMan-based method is costly, highlighting the need for a m...

Background: The advent and continuous improvement in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have profoundly altered the clinical course of HIV infection, shifting the focus from AIDS-related complications to the management of age-related comorbidities and non-...

Introduction: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants characterized by increased transmissibility and immune escape has raised concerns about the efficacy of current treatments. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated pharmacologic...

Enteroviruses initiate genomic replication via a highly conserved mechanism that is controlled by an RNA platform, also known as the 5’ cloverleaf (5’CL). Here, we present a biophysical analysis of the 5’CL conformation of three ent...

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a transboundary pathogen threatening cattle health in South and Southeast Asia, presents growing challenges for disease control. This study combined serological, molecular, and genomic approaches to investigate LSDV i...

The recent discovery of the Yezo virus (YEZV) in Japan and China has raised particular concern due to its potential to cause human diseases ranging from mild febrile illnesses to severe neurological disorders. We report, for the first time, the detec...

Human DEAD-box helicase 3 (DDX3) is a multifunctional RNA helicase implicated in mRNA unwinding and the regulation of gene expression. While DDX3 has been extensively studied in the context of RNA virus replication, its role in DNA virus replication...

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly pathogenic and hemorrhagic swine infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). It encodes over 150 proteins, among which the CD2v protein plays multiple roles throughout the infection process...

Witches’ broom disease of blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) was reported more than sixty years ago. Characteristic symptoms consist of dense clusters of shortened, brittle branches and stunted leaves. The suspect causal agent has been ident...

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that targets cervids, has become a significant threat to both free-ranging and captive populations of Canadian white-tailed deer. In an effort to mitigate its spread, research i...

Avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) pose a significant pandemic threat due to their cross-species transmission potential. However, AIV surveillance at the critical “migratory birds–poultry-exposed population” interface remains limited....

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF-V) and Ebola virus are lethal pathogens that cause widespread outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever. Both diseases can be transmitted through contact with the bodily fluids of infected individuals, but as an...

Background and Objectives: Romania has experienced the highest measles incidence rate in the European Union since late 2023, driven by suboptimal measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) uptake. Contemporary data on bedside predictors of clinical dete...

We describe the first use of phage therapy in Canada for the treatment of a life-threatening periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), with successful outcome. PJI is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery, with high morbidity and mortal...

Influenza viruses are major threats to global health, with potential to cause widespread disease in both humans and animals. Cattle, once considered resistant, are susceptible hosts for multiple influenza viruses, including influenza A, C and D, whil...

Viral diseases pose significant threats to global aquaculture, particularly in shrimp farming, which has suffered substantial economic losses due to pathogens such as Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) and Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 (DIV1). This stu...

SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are two coronaviruses that have received significant attention due to their high pathogenicity and mortality rates in human populations. In this study, we compared their evolutionary dynamics to provide a One Health perspective...

Historically, DENV-4 has been rarely associated with epidemics and has been less well-studied than DENV-1 to -3. Epidemic dengue struck several South and Central American countries in 2022, with Nicaragua reporting the highest incidence. In an acute...

Retroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that package two copies of their positively stranded RNA genomes as a non-covalent dimer into newly formed virions. This process is evolutionarily conserved, and disruption of genome dimerization results i...

Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) is a virus that belongs to the Varicellovirus genus within the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. While BuHV-1 infections in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are often subclinical, clinical manifestations have been re...

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a major threat to poultry health worldwide due to frequent genetic changes mainly driven by recombination and limited cross-protection between genotypes. In this study, we analyzed IBV strains collected from...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus that establishes lifelong latent infection in CD34⁺ haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. A unique subset of viral genes is expressed during latency, which functions to modulate cellula...

The use of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine (LA CAB/RPV) is a novel approach to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This injectable regimen offers benefits such as an improved quality of life, reduced stigma and enhanced treatment sati...

Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory programmed cell death (PCD) that protects the host against invading viruses. We previously reported that pyroptosis plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinal necrosis using mic...

Blood transfusion remains vital in healthcare but poses risks, particularly from transfusion-transmissible viral infections (TTVIs). This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV among blood donors in Borgou (Benin) in 2023. Th...

Although Torque Teno Viruses (TTVs) were initially considered to be ubiquitous members of the mammalian virome, the finding that swine TTVs (TTSuV) can act as primary pathogens elevates the possible status of swine TTVs (TTSuVs) to an emerging swine...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally significant pathogen affecting both domestic livestock and wildlife, including white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus). While experimental infections have demonstrated WTD susceptibility to BVD...

In Brazil, molecular surveillance expanded after Rotarix™ vaccine introduction, alongside G2P[4] dominance. The G2P[6] genotype, despite sharing the same DS-1-like constellation as G2P[4] strains, remains rare. This retrospective study analyzed...

In the modern era of HIV treatment, people co-infected with HIV and HBV still face poor liver outcomes, including liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We investigated baseline characteristics and long-term liver function out...

In Nigeria, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health issue. The emergence of immune escape mutants (IEMs), basal core promoters, and precore (BCP/PC) mutants among asymptomatic individuals has enabled the continuous evolu...

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection remains a major cause of severe liver disease among hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients, contributing to accelerated progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pegylated interferon-α remains t...

A significant number of individuals recovering from COVID-19 continue to experience persistent symptoms, collectively referred to as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID. Among these complications, post-COVID-19 pulmonary...