The Potential Role of Plant Polysaccharides in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Etiology and Pathogenesis of UC
3. The Role of Natural Polysaccharides in UC
3.1. Regulating the Expression of Cytokines
3.2. Regulating the Balance of Immune Cells
3.3. Regulating the Function of Intestinal Mucus
3.4. Protecting the Intestinal Barrier Integrity
3.5. Regulating the Intestinal Microbiota
3.6. As a Drug Carrier
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | PS | The Role in UC Treatment | Refs. |
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Chrysanthemum | CP | Decreased inflammatory cytokines Decreased mRNA levels of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-6, STAT3, and JAK2 Decreased The expression of p-P65, TLR4, p-STAT3, and p-JAK2 | [42] |
Scutellaria baicalensis | SP1-1 | Inhibited expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 Decreased CD11b+ macrophage infiltration in colons Decreased Cle-caspase-1 Decreased Bacteroides, Proteobacteria and Staphylococcus | [43] |
Astragalus | APS | Inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation Decreased e and MPO | [44] |
Tremella fuciformis | TFP | Decreased inflammatory cells infiltration Restored intestinal epithelial barrier integrity Decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 Improved mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1 and OCLN | [45] |
Dendrobium officinale | DOPS | Improved clinical signs and symptoms Decreased mortality Alleviated colonic pathological damage Reduced the level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and IFN-γ | [46] |
Aloe | AP | Down-regulated IL-6, JAK2, STAT-3 and cell apoptosis | [47] |
Lycium barbarum, Astragalus membranaceus | QHPS | Inhibited levels of DAO, DLA and EDT Protected the integrity of the intestinal mucosa Repaired the injury of intestinal tract | [48] |
Schisandra chinensis | SCP | Decreased IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α levels Returned abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes Increased the content of SCFAs | [49] |
Noni fruit | NFP | Promoted the expression of zonula, occludens-1 | [50] |
Arctium lappa | ALP-1 | Decreased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and IL-10 Increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus Inhibited the level of Proteobacteria, Alcaligenaceae, Staphylococcus and and Bacteroidetes | [51] |
Scutellaria baicalensis | SP2-1 | Suppressed proinflammatory cytokines. Up-regulated expressions of ZO-1, OCLN and Claudin-5; Enhanced the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid Increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Roseburia Inhibited the levels of Bacteroides, Proteobacteria and Staphylococcus | [43] |
Rheum tanguticum | RTP | Elevated cell survival, SOD activity Decreased MDA, LDH activity and cell apoptosis | [52] |
Glucomannans | GMs | Reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and IL-10 Regulated the expressions of TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-6, and TLR-9 | [53] |
Chrysanthemum morifolium | - | Decreased the abundances of Enterococcus, Escherichia and prevotella Eelevated Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus and Rikenellaceae | [54] |
Gracilaria Lemaneiformis | SP | Suppressed the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β Promoted Claudin-1, ZO-1, and MUC-2 | [55] |
Tamarind xyloglucan | TCG | Decreased IL-1β and IL-6 levels Decreased the expression of TLR4, MyD88, I-κB and NF-κB | [56] |
Angelica sinensis | ASP | Reduced IL-1β, IL-6 levels Improved occludens 1, occludin, and claudin-1 | [57] |
Pseudostellaria heterophylla | PAMK | Decreased IL-1β and TNF-α Increased the abundance of Bacteroides | [58] |
Atractylodes macrocephala | AMP | Regulated the balance between Th 17 and the Treg cells; Increased the content of SCFAs; Increased Butyricicoccus, Lactobacillus, Decreased Actinobacteria, Akkermansia, Anaeroplasma, Bifidobacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibaculum, Parasutterella, Parvibacter, Tenericutes, Verrucomicrobia | [59,60] |
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Dilixiati, Y.; Aipire, A.; Song, M.; Nijat, D.; Wubuli, A.; Cao, Q.; Li, J. The Potential Role of Plant Polysaccharides in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081073
Dilixiati Y, Aipire A, Song M, Nijat D, Wubuli A, Cao Q, Li J. The Potential Role of Plant Polysaccharides in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081073
Chicago/Turabian StyleDilixiati, Yilizilan, Adila Aipire, Ming Song, Dilaram Nijat, Abudukahaer Wubuli, Qi Cao, and Jinyao Li. 2024. "The Potential Role of Plant Polysaccharides in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 8: 1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081073