Etravirine Prevents West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Viral Replication
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Lines, Viruses, and Compounds
2.2. Drug Inhibition Assay and IC50 Calculation
2.3. Time-of-Drug-Addition Assay
2.4. Immunofluorescence Assay
2.5. Molecular Docking
2.6. Cell Viability Assay
2.7. Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT–qPCR)
2.8. Replication Determination
2.9. In Vivo Experiment
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Screening of FDA-Approved Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors for WNV Infection
3.2. Etravirine Has Dose-Dependent and Cell-Type-Independent Effects on WNV
3.3. Etravirine Exhibits Broad Anti-Arboviral Activity
3.4. Etravirine Inhibits Viral Replication
3.5. Etravirine Has the Potential to Interact with RdRp
3.6. Etravirine Protects Mice from WNV Infection-Induced Lethality
3.7. Etravirine Protects Mice from CHIKV Infection-Induced Lethality and Footpad Swelling
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zheng, X.; He, Y.; Xia, B.; Tang, W.; Zhang, C.; Wang, D.; Tang, H.; Zhao, P.; Peng, H.; Liu, Y. Etravirine Prevents West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Viral Replication. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091111
Zheng X, He Y, Xia B, Tang W, Zhang C, Wang D, Tang H, Zhao P, Peng H, Liu Y. Etravirine Prevents West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Viral Replication. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(9):1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091111
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Xu, Yanhua He, Binghui Xia, Wanda Tang, Congcong Zhang, Dawei Wang, Hailin Tang, Ping Zhao, Haoran Peng, and Yangang Liu. 2024. "Etravirine Prevents West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo by Inhibiting Viral Replication" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 9: 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091111