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World Electric Vehicle Journal, Volume 16, Issue 6

2025 June - 49 articles

Cover Story: This paper presents a novel framework for optimally sizing heavy-duty electric vehicle (HDEV) charging stations (CSs) using a multi-period deployment strategy. Two types of CSs—utility-based and renewable energy-based—are modeled and analyzed, considering uncertainty in solar PV generation, HDEV behavior, and charger reliability. The framework employs real-world depot traffic data and a mixed-approach optimization method to determine cost-effective infrastructure growth aligned with HDEV adoption timelines. Case studies show that the proposed method reduces annual costs by up to 78% in the early deployment period compared to fully built-out CSs. The results offer actionable insights for fleet operators and policymakers seeking scalable, low-cost electrification strategies. View this paper
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Articles (49)

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,707 Views
22 Pages

The long-standing need for a modern public transportation system in Lebanon, a developing country of the Middle East with an almost exclusive dependence on costly and polluting passenger cars, has become more pressing in recent years due to the worse...

  • Article
  • Open Access
822 Views
16 Pages

An Effective Hybrid Strategy: Multi-Fuzzy Genetic Tracking Controller for an Autonomous Delivery Van

  • Mohammad Ghazali,
  • Zaid Samadi,
  • Mehmet Gol,
  • Ali Demir,
  • Kemal Rodoplu,
  • Tarek Kabbani,
  • Emrecan Hatipoğlu and
  • Ahu E. Hartavi

The trend towards shorter supply chains and home delivery has rapidly increased delivery van traffic. Consequently, in the 20 years prior to 2018, delivery traffic has increased by 71%, while passenger vehicles have increased only by 13%. This drasti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
876 Views
21 Pages

Vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology enables electric vehicles (EVs) to supply power to residential loads, offering enhanced energy self-sufficiency and backup capabilities. Accurate voltage regulation is essential in such systems, especially under nonli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,355 Views
9 Pages

The rapid devolopment of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Autonomous Connected Vehicles (ACVs) has increased the complexity of in-vehicle networks, exposing security vulnerabilities in traditional Controller Area Network (CAN) systems. CAN security fac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9,468 Views
28 Pages

Assessing the Current State of Electric Vehicle Infrastructure in Mexico

  • Lizbeth Salgado-Conrado,
  • Carlos Álvarez-Macías,
  • Alma Esmeralda-Gómez and
  • Raúl Tadeo-Rosas

This study evaluates the current state of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in Mexico, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative analysis of charging station dis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,163 Views
24 Pages

Research on Location Planning of Battery Swap Stations for Operating Electric Vehicles

  • Pengcheng Ma,
  • Shuai Zhang,
  • Bin Zhou,
  • Wenqi Shao,
  • Haowen Li,
  • Tengfei Ma and
  • Dong Guo

Currently, the layout planning of power exchange facilities in urban areas is not perfect, which cannot effectively meet the power exchange demand of urban operating vehicles and restricts the operation of urban operating vehicles. The article propos...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,485 Views
23 Pages

As a key component of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the vibrational characteristics of the airframe critically impact flight safety and imaging quality. These vibrations, often generated by motor-propeller systems or aerodynamic forces, can lead t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,340 Views
19 Pages

Brushless DC motors are often used as traction motors in electric vehicles due to their high power density and efficiency. The dc-link electrolytic capacitor is the most vulnerable part of the brushless DC motor drive system, and it determines the re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,337 Views
19 Pages

Value engineering (VE), as a conceptual approach and management technique, has allowed enterprises to capture value through mass production and market expansion during the industrial economic era. The VE method has enabled companies to produce produc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,166 Views
16 Pages

This study addresses challenges such as multi-scale defects, varying lighting, and irregular shapes by proposing an improved YOLOv10 model that integrates the ECA attention mechanism, RefConv feature enhancement module, and WIoU loss function for com...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,607 Views
14 Pages

Translation of Electric Vehicle Research into Education

  • K. T. Chau,
  • Tianyi Liu,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Shuangxia Niu and
  • C. C. Chan

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the most important technological innovations that can save the environment. Over the years, there has been substantial EV research, which has been successfully transformed into EV products, leading to the recent com...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,984 Views
18 Pages

High-frequency (HF) injection is a widely used technique for low-speed implementation of position sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor control. A key component of this technique is the tracking loop control system, which extracts rotor posit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,844 Views
18 Pages

To address the issues of missed detections and false detections of small target missed detections caused by dense occlusion in complex traffic environments, a non-maximum suppression method, Bot-NMS, is proposed to achieve accurate prediction and loc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,826 Views
29 Pages

Connected Vehicles Security: A Lightweight Machine Learning Model to Detect VANET Attacks

  • Muawia A. Elsadig,
  • Abdelrahman Altigani,
  • Yasir Mohamed,
  • Abdul Hakim Mohamed,
  • Akbar Kannan,
  • Mohamed Bashir and
  • Mousab A. E. Adiel

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) aim to manage traffic, prevent accidents, and regulate various parts of traffic. However, owing to their nature, the security of VANETs remains a significant concern. This study provides insightful information regar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,300 Views
27 Pages

The transformative potential of self-driving vehicles (SDVs) in enhancing mobility and transportation safety is well documented, yet their adoption in developing countries remains understudied. While existing research has primarily focused on SDV ado...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,474 Views
14 Pages

This study presents the development, simulation, and hardware implementation of a 48 V, 1 kW mid-range wireless power transfer (WPT) platform for autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) charging in industrial applications. The system uses an LCC-S compensati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,542 Views
21 Pages

The interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are extensively applied in the field of new energy vehicles due to their high-power density and excellent performance control. However, the iron loss has a significant impact on their performa...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,476 Views
36 Pages

Multimodal transport refers to the integrated transportation in a logistics system in the form of multiple transportation modes, such as highway, railway, waterway, etc. In recent years, the deep integration of electric trucks and route optimization...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,441 Views
32 Pages

China’s leading development of a complete battery value chain for electric vehicles (EVs) is restructuring the global automotive sector. In contrast with the normal point of view, which emphasizes the role of industrial policy, this article arg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,360 Views
23 Pages

A Framework for Optimal Sizing of Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering Uncertainty

  • Rafi Zahedi,
  • Rachel Sheinberg,
  • Shashank Narayana Gowda,
  • Kourosh SedghiSigarchi and
  • Rajit Gadh

The adoption of heavy-duty electric vehicles (HDEVs) is key to achieving transportation decarbonization. A major component of this transition is the need for new supporting infrastructure: electric charging stations (CSs). HDEV CSs must be planned co...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,122 Views
14 Pages

Multi-Parameter Optimization of Angle Transmission Ratio of Steer-by-Wire Vehicle

  • Wenguang Liu,
  • Suo Liu,
  • Huajun Che,
  • Xi Liu and
  • Hua Ding

Aiming at the problem of the insufficient stability of the unified model of steering angle transmission ratio at high speeds, we introduce a novel control strategy that integrates the yaw rate gain, lateral acceleration gain, vehicle speed and steeri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,784 Views
12 Pages

How to use efficient and accurate methods to estimate the capacity of lithium batteries has always been an important research topic. Traditional capacity estimation methods are time-consuming and require strict experimental conditions, making them un...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7,828 Views
29 Pages

In order to meet the demand for high-voltage architectures of 400 V and 800 V in electric vehicle systems, high-power DC-DC converters have become a key focus of research. The Four-Switch Buck–Boost converter has gained widespread application d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,986 Views
15 Pages

The fast expanding market of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) demands industry-specific competence requirements for maintenance technicians. We have therefore generated a knowledge structure of BEV maintenance through a literature review and expert c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,116 Views
21 Pages

The energy management strategy (EMS) is a critical technology for pure electric vehicles equipped with hybrid energy storage systems. This study addresses the challenges of limited adaptability to driving cycles and significant battery capacity degra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,989 Views
28 Pages

The integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) with solar power generation is important for decarbonizing the economy. While electrifying transportation reduces Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, its success depends on ensuring that EVs are charged with cle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,841 Views
19 Pages

In the context of global climate change and the escalating energy crisis, the development of new energy vehicles (NEVs) has become a critical strategy for China to foster green transformation and achieve its carbon neutrality goals. This study focuse...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,343 Views
36 Pages

Disaster logistics presents a highly complex decision-making challenge under conditions of uncertainty, where the timely and efficient allocation of scarce resources is essential to minimize human suffering. In this context, we propose a novel Quantu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,731 Views
18 Pages

Understanding Behavioral Intention to Adopt Electric Vehicles Among Motorcycle Taxi Pilots: A PLS-SEM Approach

  • Sitaram Sukthankar,
  • Relita Fernandes,
  • Shilpa Korde,
  • Sadanand Gaonkar and
  • Disha Kurtikar

Progressive advancements in the global economy and technology have propelled human civilization forward; however, they have also inflicted significant harm on the global ecological environment. In the present era, electric vehicle (EV) technology is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,306 Views
14 Pages

This study addresses the challenge of gaining a deeper understanding of charging and discharging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries to enhance their reliability and safety, necessitating the development of novel modeling techniques. A comprehensive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,093 Views
14 Pages

Vehicle detection algorithms constitute a fundamental pillar in intelligent driving systems and smart transportation infrastructure. Nevertheless, the inherent complexity and dynamic variability of traffic scenarios present substantial technical barr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
8,372 Views
19 Pages

In multi-vehicle traffic scenarios, achieving accurate environmental perception and motion trajectory tracking through LiDAR–camera fusion is critical for downstream vehicle planning and control tasks. To address the challenges of cross-modal f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
860 Views
23 Pages

Low-Illumination Parking Scenario Detection Based on Image Adaptive Enhancement

  • Xixi Xu,
  • Meiqi Zhang,
  • Hao Tang,
  • Weiye Xu,
  • Bowen Sun and
  • Zhu’an Zheng

Aiming at the problem of easily missed and misdetected parking spaces and obstacles in the automatic parking perception task under low-illumination conditions, this paper proposes a low-illumination parking space and obstacle detection algorithm base...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,496 Views
24 Pages

Survey on Image-Based Vehicle Detection Methods

  • Mortda A. A. Adam and
  • Jules R. Tapamo

Vehicle detection is essential for real-world applications such as road surveillance, intelligent transportation systems, and autonomous driving, where high accuracy and real-time performance are critical. However, achieving robust detection remains...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,112 Views
24 Pages

As a core application of V2X technology, vehicle–road collaboration enables dynamic coordination among road users (pedestrians, vehicles), infrastructure, and networks through real-time, omnidirectional information exchange. This system represe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,412 Views
23 Pages

Modelling of Energy Management Strategies in a PV-Based Renewable Energy Community with Electric Vehicles

  • Shoaib Ahmed,
  • Amjad Ali,
  • Sikandar Abdul Qadir,
  • Domenico Ramunno and
  • Antonio D’Angola

The Renewable Energy Community (REC) has emerged in Europe, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources (RESs) within localities, bringing social, economic, and environmental benefits. RESs are characterized by various loads, including household...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,426 Views
12 Pages

Toward Sustainability: The Role of Tax Policies in Enhancing the Cost-Competitiveness of Electric Vehicles in Jordan

  • Reema Al-Dalain,
  • Otabeh Al-Oran,
  • Jamil Hamadneh,
  • Nabil Beithou and
  • Mohammad Bani-Khalid

The total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly influenced by several economic factors which play a critical role in shaping their cost competitiveness, including tax policies. The primary objective of this analysis is t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,910 Views
18 Pages

During the early phases of EV market penetration, German policy makers supported the roll-out of a nation-wide charging infrastructure network by extensive state activities, most notably voluminous funding schemes to provide subsidies for publicly ow...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,582 Views
15 Pages

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are widely applied as drive motors in electric vehicles because they have the advantages of high power density, high efficiency, and excellent dynamic performance. This paper introduces a framewor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,209 Views
21 Pages

In this study, in order to overcome the limitations of existing electric vehicle (EV) thermal management systems (TMS), a highly integrated and coordinated operation strategy for EV thermal management was proposed. Specifically, an integrated archite...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
680 Views
20 Pages

This paper proposes a model identification method based on the auxiliary variable closed-loop subspace identification algorithm to address the problem of modeling difficulties caused by various complex factors affecting permanent magnet brushless DC...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,815 Views
33 Pages

In the automotive industry, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) represent the future of individual mobility. To establish a long-term market presence, innovative vehicle and powertrain concepts are essential, and therefore, identifying the most promisin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,045 Views
17 Pages

The challenging terrain and deep ravines that characterize mountainous regions often result in slower path planning and suboptimal flight paths for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) when traditional meta-heuristic optimization algorithms are employed....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,885 Views
26 Pages

Addressing the shortcoming that steer-by-wire (SBW) system cannot directly transmit road feel, this study investigates a SBW system dynamics model, steering angle tracking control, and road feel simulation algorithm design. This study proposes a high...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,302 Views
29 Pages

The Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA’s) transportation system plays an important role in ensuring access to transportation services for veterans, particularly those in rural or underserved areas. However, concerns remain regarding the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,710 Views
25 Pages

Integrating electric vehicles (EVs) has become integral to modern power grids to enhance grid stability and support green energy transportation solutions. EVs emerged as a promising energy solution that introduces a significant challenge to the unpre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,072 Views
27 Pages

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is key for the efficient management of lithium–ion (Li-ion) batteries, yet is often compromised by noise levels in measurement data. This study introduces a new approach that uses wavelet denoising with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,104 Views
25 Pages

BL-DATransformer Lifespan Degradation Prediction Model of Fuel Cell Using Relative Voltage Loss Rate Health Indicator

  • Yinjie Xu,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Donghai Hu,
  • Dagang Lu,
  • Xiaoyan Zhang,
  • Wenxuan Wei,
  • Hua Ding and
  • Shupei Zhang

The durability of fuel cells is the main obstacle to their large-scale application. Deep learning-based methods improve the accuracy of fuel cell lifespan degradation prediction. However, their reliance on static health indicators and application in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,211 Views
14 Pages

Enhancing E-Bike Efficiency with Intelligent Battery Temperature Control

  • Tiago Gândara,
  • Adriano Figueiredo,
  • José Santos and
  • Tiago Silva

This work presents an innovative approach to battery thermal management for e-bikes by addressing heat generation at its source rather than relying on conventional cooling techniques. Traditional systems rely on heat sinks, fans, phase change materia...

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World Electr. Veh. J. - ISSN 2032-6653