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Sustainability
Volume 15
Issue 4
10.3390/su15043197
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Article

Influence of Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression on Suicidal Ideation in Peruvian Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by
Carlos De La Cruz-Valdiviano
1,
Aldo Bazán-Ramírez
1,*,
Carmela Henostroza-Mota
1,
Marina Cossío-Reynaga
2 and
Rocío Yrene Torres-Prado
3
1
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima CP 15082, Peru
2
Dirección de Servicios de Salud, Dirección de Salud Apurímac II, Andahuaylas CP 03701, Peru
3
Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Lima CP 15314, Peru
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3197; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043197
Submission received: 11 January 2023 / Revised: 5 February 2023 / Accepted: 6 February 2023 / Published: 9 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)
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Abstract

Our aim was to determine the influence of the variables Death Anxiety, Loneliness, and Depression on suicidal ideation in Peruvian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 1342 subjects from Lima–Callao and regions of Peru, selected with non-probabilistic purposive sampling. A predictive, non-experimental design with the cross-sectional measurement using previously validated questionnaires was conducted. The differential effect of the variables Death Anxiety, Loneliness, and Depression on suicidal ideation was found. The two models obtained through structural equation modeling highlight a significant predictive relationship of Depression directly on suicidal ideation, while Loneliness is the second factor that best predicts suicidal ideation’s indirect relationships. Likewise, being single and unemployed were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) and to have a differential effect on Death Anxiety, Loneliness and Depression. The same trend was evidenced by people aged less than 30, with no schooling, not practicing sports and sleeping less than 4 h; however, neither having had COVID-19 nor place of residence was found to influence suicidal ideation. As a conclusion, depressive symptomatology is the best predictor of suicidal ideation. Likewise, loneliness indirectly influences suicidal ideation.
Keywords: death anxiety; loneliness; depression; suicidal ideation; adults; COVID-19 death anxiety; loneliness; depression; suicidal ideation; adults; COVID-19

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MDPI and ACS Style

De La Cruz-Valdiviano, C.; Bazán-Ramírez, A.; Henostroza-Mota, C.; Cossío-Reynaga, M.; Torres-Prado, R.Y. Influence of Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression on Suicidal Ideation in Peruvian Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2023, 15, 3197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043197

AMA Style

De La Cruz-Valdiviano C, Bazán-Ramírez A, Henostroza-Mota C, Cossío-Reynaga M, Torres-Prado RY. Influence of Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression on Suicidal Ideation in Peruvian Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2023; 15(4):3197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043197

Chicago/Turabian Style

De La Cruz-Valdiviano, Carlos, Aldo Bazán-Ramírez, Carmela Henostroza-Mota, Marina Cossío-Reynaga, and Rocío Yrene Torres-Prado. 2023. "Influence of Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression on Suicidal Ideation in Peruvian Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Sustainability 15, no. 4: 3197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043197

APA Style

De La Cruz-Valdiviano, C., Bazán-Ramírez, A., Henostroza-Mota, C., Cossío-Reynaga, M., & Torres-Prado, R. Y. (2023). Influence of Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression on Suicidal Ideation in Peruvian Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 15(4), 3197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043197

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