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Volume 16
Issue 11
10.3390/su16114674
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Article

Ecophysiology of Soursop Seedlings Irrigated with Fish Farming Effluent under NPK Doses

by
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá
1,*,
Salvador Barros Torres
2,
Francisca das Chagas de Oliveira
2,
Antônio Sávio dos Santos
2,
Antônia Adailha Torres Souza
2,
Kleane Targino Oliveira Pereira
3,
Tayd Dayvison Custódio Peixoto
2,
Luderlândio de Andrade Silva
4,
Rômulo Carantino Lucena Moreira
2,
Emanoela Pereira de Paiva
2,
Hermes Alves de Almeida
5,
Alberto Soares de Melo
6,
Miguel Ferreira Neto
2,
Pedro Dantas Fernandes
4 and
Nildo da Silva Dias
2
1
Department of Agrarian and Exact, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha 58884-000, PB, Brazil
2
Department of Agronomic and Forest Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró 59625-900, RN, Brazil
3
Plant Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró 59610-210, RN, Brazil
4
Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, PB, Brazil
5
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Lagoa Seca 58117-000, PB, Brazil
6
Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4674; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114674
Submission received: 9 April 2024 / Revised: 23 May 2024 / Accepted: 27 May 2024 / Published: 30 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biology and Ecophysiology for the Environment and Sustainability)
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Abstract

Soursop (Annona muricata L.) is a tropical fruit grown in the semi-arid region of Brazil, where problems of quantitative and qualitative scarcity of water for irrigation are frequent. Using alternative water sources, such as fish farming effluents, can increase water availability; however, it presents risks due to its high salinity levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation with saline fish farming effluent and NPK doses on soursop seedlings’ ecophysiology. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The factors consisted of two irrigation water sources (local supply water with 0.5 dS m−1 and fish farming effluent with 3.5 dS m−1) and five doses of NPK (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of the fertilizer recommendation of 100:300:150 mg dm−3 of N:P2O5:K2O for soil). The soursop seedlings showed the best growth results for plant height, stem diameter, and shoot dry mass when irrigated with low-salinity water at 95% of the recommended NPK dose. However, under saline stress, the soursop seedlings showed optimal growth when fertilized with 69% of NPK dose. We recommend the following NPK fertilization for soursop seedlings: 95:285:143 mg dm−3 of N:P2O5:K2O for those irrigated with low-salinity water and 69:207:104 mg dm−3 for those irrigated with fish farm effluent. Irrigating with fish farm effluent can be a practical option for soursop seedlings as it can help save fertilizers and promote environmental sustainability.
Keywords: Annona muricata L.; effluent; plant nutrition; salinity; seed and seedling technology Annona muricata L.; effluent; plant nutrition; salinity; seed and seedling technology

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MDPI and ACS Style

da Silva Sá, F.V.; Torres, S.B.; Oliveira, F.d.C.d.; Santos, A.S.d.; Souza, A.A.T.; Pereira, K.T.O.; Peixoto, T.D.C.; de Andrade Silva, L.; Moreira, R.C.L.; Paiva, E.P.d.; et al. Ecophysiology of Soursop Seedlings Irrigated with Fish Farming Effluent under NPK Doses. Sustainability 2024, 16, 4674. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114674

AMA Style

da Silva Sá FV, Torres SB, Oliveira FdCd, Santos ASd, Souza AAT, Pereira KTO, Peixoto TDC, de Andrade Silva L, Moreira RCL, Paiva EPd, et al. Ecophysiology of Soursop Seedlings Irrigated with Fish Farming Effluent under NPK Doses. Sustainability. 2024; 16(11):4674. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114674

Chicago/Turabian Style

da Silva Sá, Francisco Vanies, Salvador Barros Torres, Francisca das Chagas de Oliveira, Antônio Sávio dos Santos, Antônia Adailha Torres Souza, Kleane Targino Oliveira Pereira, Tayd Dayvison Custódio Peixoto, Luderlândio de Andrade Silva, Rômulo Carantino Lucena Moreira, Emanoela Pereira de Paiva, and et al. 2024. "Ecophysiology of Soursop Seedlings Irrigated with Fish Farming Effluent under NPK Doses" Sustainability 16, no. 11: 4674. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114674

APA Style

da Silva Sá, F. V., Torres, S. B., Oliveira, F. d. C. d., Santos, A. S. d., Souza, A. A. T., Pereira, K. T. O., Peixoto, T. D. C., de Andrade Silva, L., Moreira, R. C. L., Paiva, E. P. d., Almeida, H. A. d., Melo, A. S. d., Ferreira Neto, M., Fernandes, P. D., & Dias, N. d. S. (2024). Ecophysiology of Soursop Seedlings Irrigated with Fish Farming Effluent under NPK Doses. Sustainability, 16(11), 4674. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114674

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