Analysis of the Choice of Cement in Construction and Its Impact on Comfort in Togo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
Temperature Trends
2.2. Sampling and Data Used
2.3. Data Processing and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Reasons for Choosing Cement and Its Derivatives
3.1.1. Predominance of Concrete
Wall Materials
Floor Materials
Structural Materials
Roof Materials
3.1.2. Reasons for Choosing Concrete
3.2. Thermal Comfort
3.2.1. Impact of the Material on Thermal Comfort
3.2.2. Impact of Rising Temperatures on Well-Being
3.3. Adaptation Strategies Adopted by Occupants
4. Discussion
4.1. Reasons for Choosing Cement and Its Derivatives
4.2. Thermal Comfort
4.3. Adaptation Strategies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Regions | Communes | Total Population | Number of Households to Be Surveyed |
---|---|---|---|
Maritime | Golfe 4 | 155,842 | 102 |
Golfe 6 | 181,561 | 117 | |
Agoe-Nyive 2 | 128,164 | 85 | |
Plateau | Ogou 1 | 116,301 | 101 |
Kara | Kozah 1 | 193,625 | 241 |
Total | 646 |
Comfort on Day | Wall | Roofing | Floor | Structure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | Earth | Reinforced Concrete Slab | Metal Sheet | Cement | Reinforced Concrete | Earth | |
Hot | 51 | 32 | 33 | 52 | 46 | 49 | 24 |
Temperate | 39 | 65 | 58 | 38 | 42 | 41 | 76 |
Very hot | 10 | 3 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 0 |
Comfort at Night | Wall | Roofing | Floor | Structure | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | Earth | Reinforced Concrete Slab | Metal Sheet | Cement | Reinforced Concrete | Earth | |
Hot | 46 | 39 | 30 | 49 | 41 | 44 | 31 |
Temperate | 41 | 56 | 53 | 40 | 44 | 43 | 66 |
Very hot | 13 | 5 | 17 | 11 | 15 | 13 | 3 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Climate Risk | Elements of Well-Being | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Health | Productivity and Performance | Quality of Life | Increased Vulnerability | |
High Temperatures |
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Tossim, M.J.; Tombar, P.A.; Banakinao, S.; Mavunda, C.A.; Sondou, T.; Aholou, C.C.; Ayité, Y.M.X.D. Analysis of the Choice of Cement in Construction and Its Impact on Comfort in Togo. Sustainability 2024, 16, 7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177359
Tossim MJ, Tombar PA, Banakinao S, Mavunda CA, Sondou T, Aholou CC, Ayité YMXD. Analysis of the Choice of Cement in Construction and Its Impact on Comfort in Togo. Sustainability. 2024; 16(17):7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177359
Chicago/Turabian StyleTossim, Magnouréwa Josiane, Parfait Altolnan Tombar, Sinko Banakinao, Célestin Adeito Mavunda, Tchakouni Sondou, Cyprien Coffi Aholou, and Yawovi Mawuénya Xolali Dany Ayité. 2024. "Analysis of the Choice of Cement in Construction and Its Impact on Comfort in Togo" Sustainability 16, no. 17: 7359. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177359