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Sustainability
Volume 16
Issue 23
10.3390/su162310433
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Article

Economic Impact of the Application of the ETS to European Ports: Analysis of Different Scenarios

by
Javier Vaca-Cabrero
1,*,
Nicoletta González-Cancelas
1,
Alberto Camarero-Orive
1,
María Magdalena Esteban-Infantes Corral
2 and
Stefano Ricci
3
1
Department of Transport, Territorial and Urban Planning Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Porfesor Aranguren 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Ingeniería y Economía del Transporte S.M.E. M.P., S.A. (INECO), P.º de La Habana, 138, 28036 Madrid, Spain
3
Transport Area, Sapienza Universita di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10433; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310433
Submission received: 15 October 2024 / Revised: 18 November 2024 / Accepted: 26 November 2024 / Published: 28 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Strategies for Green Ports and Maritime Logistics: Innovations, Challenges, and Best Practices)
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Abstract

The fight against climate change is one of the main global challenges of our time, and the European Union (EU) seeks to achieve climate neutrality and energy transition for the continent by 2050 through various policies. This research studies the economic implications of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on European ports. By analysing various maritime scenarios, the study assesses how the ETS influences shipping routes, port competitiveness, and overall economic activity. A key finding is that the ETS imposes significant additional costs on shipping companies, which could lead to adjustments in routes and a shift in cargo volumes to ports in regions with less stringent environmental regulations. This could result in job losses in European port communities and reduce the competitiveness of European ports. In addition, the potential for carbon leakage, where shipping activities are simply relocated to regions with fewer emission controls, is explored.
Keywords: ETS; competitiveness; green ports; European ports; route analysis; emissions; sustainability ETS; competitiveness; green ports; European ports; route analysis; emissions; sustainability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vaca-Cabrero, J.; González-Cancelas, N.; Camarero-Orive, A.; Corral, M.M.E.-I.; Ricci, S. Economic Impact of the Application of the ETS to European Ports: Analysis of Different Scenarios. Sustainability 2024, 16, 10433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310433

AMA Style

Vaca-Cabrero J, González-Cancelas N, Camarero-Orive A, Corral MME-I, Ricci S. Economic Impact of the Application of the ETS to European Ports: Analysis of Different Scenarios. Sustainability. 2024; 16(23):10433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310433

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vaca-Cabrero, Javier, Nicoletta González-Cancelas, Alberto Camarero-Orive, María Magdalena Esteban-Infantes Corral, and Stefano Ricci. 2024. "Economic Impact of the Application of the ETS to European Ports: Analysis of Different Scenarios" Sustainability 16, no. 23: 10433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310433

APA Style

Vaca-Cabrero, J., González-Cancelas, N., Camarero-Orive, A., Corral, M. M. E.-I., & Ricci, S. (2024). Economic Impact of the Application of the ETS to European Ports: Analysis of Different Scenarios. Sustainability, 16(23), 10433. https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310433

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