The Observation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geomagnetic Activity
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Result from SYISR
4.2. Result from GNSS TEC
4.3. Result from Ionosonde
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- The two LSTID events exhibit similar yet distinct vertical propagation characteristics. Both events were identified with a dominant period of ~110–155 min and downward vertical phase velocities ranging from 22 m/s to 60 m/s. Their amplitudes continuously increase with increasing altitude and then gradually decrease after reaching their peak at 200–250 km. Additionally, a phase anomaly in the vertical direction of this TID was observed, a phenomenon different from the AGW theory. The first phase of the first LSTID event shows a characteristic with a more vertical phase than the second phase front in the 350–510 km altitude range. This anomaly is likely attributed to the combined effect of sunrise and pre-sunrise uplift. These drastic changes in electron density after sunrise caused a TID-like phase reversal in the filtered phase.
- The different propagation features of the two LSTIDs suggest different sources. The first LSTID event was observed with a relative amplitude of 18–25% at altitudes ranging from 170 km to 700 km. The combined observation of the GNSS network and SYISR showed that the first LSTID originated from the high latitudes of the Asian sector, propagated across East Asia, and then reached Sanya. A smaller estimated elevation angle (~3°–4°) supports the long-distance propagation of the first LSTID. On the other hand, the second LSTID, not detected by GNSS in mainland China and Japan, displayed a smaller amplitude (~17–20%) and lower propagation altitude (150–360 km). The larger estimated elevation angle (~17°) implies that the second LSTID was likely triggered by a local source.
- The periodic MSTID event may be associated with lower atmospheric AGWs. This MSTID event occurred in the lower ionosphere (130–210 km) above Es. Although a notable maximum amplitude of ~29–36% was observed at ~130 km altitude, this TID event dissipated rapidly during its upward propagation at a rate of approximately −1.11%/km.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Xu, S.; Ding, F.; Yue, X.; Cai, Y.; Wang, J.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, N.; Song, Q.; Mao, T.; Xiong, B.; et al. The Observation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173126
Xu S, Ding F, Yue X, Cai Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Zhang N, Song Q, Mao T, Xiong B, et al. The Observation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(17):3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173126
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Su, Feng Ding, Xinan Yue, Yihui Cai, Junyi Wang, Xu Zhou, Ning Zhang, Qian Song, Tian Mao, Bo Xiong, and et al. 2024. "The Observation of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar" Remote Sensing 16, no. 17: 3126. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173126