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Open AccessArticle
Habitual Iron Supplementation Associated with Elevated Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Antihypertensive Medication
by
Xiaoyan Ma
Xiaoyan Ma
Jiali Lv
Jiali Lv
Shuai Zhang
Shuai Zhang
Xiaofeng Zhang
Xiaofeng Zhang
Xia Lin
Xia Lin
Shengxu Li
Shengxu Li 
,
Lin Yang
Lin Yang
Dr. Lin Yang is a Research Scientist at Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health [...]
Dr. Lin Yang is a Research Scientist at Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services–Cancer Care Alberta and an Adjunct Associate Professor at the Department of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary. Dr. Yang graduated from Beijing Sports University in 2003, followed by her M.S. in Statistics (2007) and M.S. in Kinesiology & Community Health (2008) from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Ph.D. in Epidemiology from the University of Cambridge (2012). She worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Center at Washington University in St. Louis between 2013 and 2015. Her research primarily focuses on the role of energy balance in cancer prevention and survivorship.
Fuzhong Xue
Fuzhong Xue
Prof. Dr. Fuzhong Xue is a Professor and Associate Dean at the School of Public Health, Shandong He [...]
Prof. Dr. Fuzhong Xue is a Professor and Associate Dean at the School of Public Health, Shandong University. He graduated from Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University in 1992 and received his Master's degree in Health Statistics in 1999. He obtained his M.D. in Epidemiology and Health Statistics at Shandong University in 2005. From June 2005 to November 2007, he worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at Fudan University. His research direction includes theoretical and methodological research on healthcare big data analytics and theoretical and methodological research on causal inference of big data.
Fan Yi
Fan Yi
Tao Zhang
Tao Zhang
1
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
2
Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
3
Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
4
Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research & Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2V 0N5, Canada
5
Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2V 0N5, Canada
6
The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2355; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142355 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 June 2024
/
Revised: 5 July 2024
/
Accepted: 17 July 2024
/
Published: 20 July 2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of habitual iron supplementation on the risk of CKD in individuals with different hypertensive statuses and antihypertension treatment statuses. We included a total of 427,939 participants in the UK Biobank study, who were free of CKD and with complete data on blood pressure at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the adjusted hazard ratios of habitual iron supplementation for CKD risk. After multivariable adjustment, habitual iron supplementation was found to be associated with a significantly higher risk of incident CKD in hypertensive participants (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22), particularly in those using antihypertensive medication (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.35). In contrast, there was no significant association either in normotensive participants (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20) or in hypertensive participants without antihypertensive medication (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.17). Consistently, significant multiplicative and additive interactions were observed between habitual iron supplementation and antihypertensive medication on the risk of incident CKD (p all interaction < 0.05). In conclusion, habitual iron supplementation was related to a higher risk of incident CKD among hypertensive patients, the association might be driven by the use of antihypertensive medication.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Ma, X.; Lv, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X.; Lin, X.; Li, S.; Yang, L.; Xue, F.; Yi, F.; Zhang, T.
Habitual Iron Supplementation Associated with Elevated Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Antihypertensive Medication. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2355.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142355
AMA Style
Ma X, Lv J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Lin X, Li S, Yang L, Xue F, Yi F, Zhang T.
Habitual Iron Supplementation Associated with Elevated Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Antihypertensive Medication. Nutrients. 2024; 16(14):2355.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142355
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ma, Xiaoyan, Jiali Lv, Shuai Zhang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Xia Lin, Shengxu Li, Lin Yang, Fuzhong Xue, Fan Yi, and Tao Zhang.
2024. "Habitual Iron Supplementation Associated with Elevated Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Antihypertensive Medication" Nutrients 16, no. 14: 2355.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142355
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