Alcohol Intake and Prevalent Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Primary Exposure and Outcome
2.3. Primary Outcome
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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KS Former | Non-KS Former | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Total n, unweighted | 9.7 (2840) | 90.3 (26,844) | |
Male sex | 54.6 (1571) | 47.4 (12,865) | <0.001 |
Age (y) | 53.7 ± 0.38 | 46.8 ± 0.26 | <0.001 |
Race | <0.001 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 76.2 (1553) | 65.3 (10,851) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 5.9 (376) | 11.8 (5995) | |
Hispanic/Latino | 11.7 (690) | 14.7 (6844) | |
Non-Hispanic other | 6.1 (221) | 8.2 (3154) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | <0.001 | ||
<25.0 | 19.8 (542) | 30.2 (7803) | |
25.0–<30.0 | 32.9 (962) | 32.8 (8784) | |
30.0+ | 47.2 (1336) | 37.0 (10,257) | |
History of diabetes | 22.4 (736) | 10.8 (3895) | <0.001 |
History of hypertension | 48.7 (1487) | 32.3 (9841) | <0.001 |
Thiazide diuretic use | 12.6 (377) | 7.8 (2498) | <0.001 |
Smoking status | <0.001 | ||
Never | 49.8 (1392) | 56.2 (15,104) | |
Former | 30.6 (884) | 24.0 (6267) | |
Current | 19.6 (564) | 19.8 (5473) | |
Total calories (kcal) | 2122.9 ± 28.7 | 2142.9 ± 8.9 | 0.5 |
Protein intake (g) | 80.8 ± 1.4 | 82.8 ± 0.42 | 0.16 |
Dietary sodium (mg) | 3534.0 ± 54.6 | 3539 ± 15.9 | 0.93 |
Dietary potassium (mg) | 2644.0 ± 38.3 | 2690.2 ± 15.5 | 0.22 |
Dietary calcium (mg) | 934.3 ± 15.3 | 973.7 ± 6.6 | 0.02 |
Total fluid intake, excluding alcohol (g) | 2905.0 ± 35.4 | 2885.9 ± 20.0 | 0.58 |
Alcohol drinking status | 0.002 | ||
Never | 12.3 (442) | 13.6 (4638) | |
Former (0 drinks in past year) | 9.7 (311) | 6.9 (2221) | |
Current (>0 drinks in past year) | 78.1 (2087) | 79.6 (19,985) | |
Type of alcohol, if any | 0.01 | ||
Beer only | 43.8 (235) | 43.5 (2828) | |
Wine only | 22.5 (103) | 23.3 (1209) | |
Liquor only | 24.8 (110) | 17.9 (1103) | |
Other/combination | 8.9 (69) | 15.3 (946) |
Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | Adjusted Model 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
Never/Currently none | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
Beer only | 0.79 (0.64–0.97) | 0.02 | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | 0.01 | 0.79 (0.64–0.97) | 0.03 | 0.76 (0.61–0.94) | 0.01 |
Wine only | 0.75 (0.58–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.64 (0.49–0.84) | 0.001 | 0.74 (0.57–0.96) | 0.02 | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 0.03 |
Liquor only | 1.08 (0.77–1.52) | 0.63 | 1.04 (0.74–1.47) | 0.82 | 1.05 (0.75–1.49) | 0.76 | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | 0.97 |
Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | Adjusted Model 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beer | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
0–<1 g | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
1–≤14 g | 1.46 (1.00–2.15) | 0.05 | 1.35 (0.93–1.96) | 0.11 | 1.45 (1.00–2.12) | 0.05 | 1.41 (0.97–2.05) | 0.07 |
>14–28 g | 0.67 (0.44–1.01) | 0.06 | 0.65 (0.43–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.66 (0.43–1.02) | 0.06 | 0.65 (0.42–1.00) | 0.05 |
>28–56 g | 0.60 (0.40–0.91) | 0.02 | 0.61 (0.40–0.92) | 0.02 | 0.64 (0.41–0.98) | 0.04 | 0.60 (0.39–0.93) | 0.02 |
>56 g | 0.39 (0.24–0.63) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.24–0.62) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.24–0.62) | <0.001 | 0.34 (0.20–0.57) | <0.001 |
Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | Adjusted Model 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wine | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
0–<1 g | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
1–≤14 g | 0.98 (0.62–1.53) | 0.91 | 0.90 (0.56–1.44) | 0.66 | 1.10 (0.69–1.77) | 0.68 | 1.14 (0.72–1.83) | 0.57 |
>14–28 g | 0.52 (0.35–0.77) | 0.001 | 0.43 (0.29–0.64) | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.36–0.78) | 0.002 | 0.54 (0.36–0.81) | 0.003 |
>28 g | 0.86 (0.52–1.44) | 0.56 | 0.77 (0.47–1.27) | 0.31 | 0.87 (0.54–1.4) | 0.56 | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) | 0.47 |
Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model 1 | Adjusted Model 2 | Adjusted Model 3 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liquor | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value | OR (95% CI) | p Value |
0–<1 g | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
1–≤28 g | 1.18 (0.70–1.99) | 0.53 | 1.15 (0.67–1.96) | 0.62 | 1.20 (0.71–2.02) | 0.49 | 1.16 (0.69–1.97) | 0.58 |
>28 g | 0.97 (0.65–1.44) | 0.87 | 0.94 (0.62–1.40) | 0.75 | 0.94 (0.62–1.43) | 0.79 | 0.85 (0.56–1.30) | 0.45 |
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Shringi, S.; Raker, C.A.; Chonchol, M.; Tang, J. Alcohol Intake and Prevalent Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172928
Shringi S, Raker CA, Chonchol M, Tang J. Alcohol Intake and Prevalent Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172928
Chicago/Turabian StyleShringi, Sandipan, Christina A. Raker, Michel Chonchol, and Jie Tang. 2024. "Alcohol Intake and Prevalent Kidney Stone: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172928