Consumption of Sylimarin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Sodium Salt and Myricetin: Effects on Alcohol Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress—A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
- aged between 18 and 35 years;
- no history of alcohol abuse or other substances;
- white ethnicity;
- non-smoker;
- good health condition, with no autoimmune, endocrine, infectious, cardiac, renal, hepatic or metabolic diseases;
- no pregnancy or lactation conditions.
2.2. Experimental Protocol
- (A)
- Placebo (sham control) group.
- (B)
- Si.Pi.Mi group.
- Day 0: baseline before the experiment. Blood, saliva and urine samples were collected (basal measures).
- Day 1: to evaluate the acute wine intake, blood samples were drawn 60, 120 and 240 min after drinking (150 mL of red wine) to establish an ethanol metabolism curve. The placebo or Si.Pi.Mi. were taken after the wine dose. Saliva was collected 120 and 240 min after drinking, while urine was collected after 240 min.
- Day 2–6: for the long-term intake, volunteers drank one wine glass at lunch and another one at dinner (300 mL/die, corresponding to 30 g of ethanol/die approximately). They consumed the wine dose at the beginning of the meal, and then continued to eat a balanced daily menu according to individual energy needs. They took the placebo or Si.Pi.Mi. after the meal, depending on the group. Saliva was collected in the morning.
- Day 7: biological samples were collected in the same way as day 1, up to the end of the study.
2.3. Blood, Saliva and Urine Samples
2.4. Biomarker Analysis
2.4.1. Blood Alcohol Level
2.4.2. Urine Ethyl Glucuronoide (ETG)
2.4.3. Plasma ROS Production
2.4.4. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
2.4.5. 8-Isoprostane (8-Iso-PGF2α)
2.4.6. NO Metabolites
2.4.7. Co Q10 Coenzyme
2.4.8. Thiols Measurement
2.4.9. Creatinine, Neopterin, and Uric Acid
2.5. Statistic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Product Intake on Ethanol Concentration during the Acute Phase
3.2. Effects of Product Intake on Oxidative Stress in Short and Long Phase
- (i)
- in treated group1st day: T10 vs. T11 (0.171 ± 0.007 vs. 0.208 ± 0.012); T11 vs. T13 (0.208 ± 0.012 vs. 0.174 ± 0.008);7th day: T70 vs. T71 (0.175 ± 0.008 vs. 0.210 ± 0.014); T70 vs. T72 (0.175 ± 0.008 vs. 0.210 ± 0.015); T71 vs. T73 (0.210 ± 0.014vs 1.186 ± 0.009); T72 vs. T73 (0.210 ± 0.015vs 1.186 ± 0.009);1st vs. 7th day: T10 vs. T71 (0.171 ± 0.007 vs. 0.210 ± 0.014vs); and T10 vs. T72 (0.171 ± 0.007 vs. 0.210 ± 0.015);
- (ii)
- in placebo group1st day: T10 vs. T11 (0.169 ± 0.009 vs. 0.212 ± 0.040); T11 vs. T12 (0.212 ± 0.040 vs. 0.199 ± 0.013); T70 vs. T71 (0.169 ± 0.008 vs. 0.200 ± 0.023);7th day: T70 vs. T72 (0.169 ± 0.008 vs. 0.207 ± 0.015); T70 vs. T73 (0.169 ± 0.008 vs. 0.186 ± 0.007); T72 vs. T73 (0.207 ± 0.015 vs. 0.186 ± 0.007); T10 vs. T71 (0.169 ± 0.009 vs. 0.200 ± 0.023);1st vs. 7th day: T10 vs. T72 (0.169 ± 0.009 vs. 0.207 ± 0.015); T11 vs. T70 (0.212 ± 0.040 vs. 0.169 ± 0.008); and T71 vs. T73 (0.200 ± 0.023vs 0.186 ± 0.007);
- (iii)
- inter-group (treated vs. placebo): no significant differences.
- (i)
- in the treated group1st day: T10 vs. T12 (2.911 ± 0.227 vs. 3.176 ± 0.269); T10 vs. T13 (2.911 ± 0.227 vs. 3.255 ± 0.265);7th day: T70 vs. T73 (3.109 ± 0.153 vs. 3.420 ± 0.241);1st vs. 7th day: T10 vs. T71 (2.911 ± 0.227 vs. 3.304 ± 0.333); T10 vs. T72 (2.911 ± 0.227 vs. 3.315 ± 0.231); T10 vs. T73 (2.911 ± 0.227 vs. 3.420 ± 0.241);
- (ii)
- in placebo group1st day: T10 vs. T11 (2.799 ± 0.258 vs. 3.068 ± 0.241); and T10 vs. T12 (2.799 ± 0.258 vs. 3.224 ± 0.269);
- (iii)
- inter-group (treated vs. placebo): at T71 (3.109 ± 0.153 vs. 3.083 ± 0.353); and T73 (3.420 ± 0.241 vs. 3.130 ± 0.209).
- (i)
- in the treated group: T10 vs. T13 (793.3 ± 120.6 vs. 617.5± 131.0); and T10 vs. T73 (793.3 ± 120.6 vs. 579.9 ± 100.4);
- (ii)
- in placebo group no significant differences;
- (iii)
- inter-group (treated vs. placebo): at T70 (793.3 ± 120.6 vs. 651.7 ± 165.6), and T10 vs. T70 (793.3 ± 120.6 vs. 545.7 ± 122.0).
3.3. CoQ10 Coenzyme
3.4. Redox Status
3.5. Neopterin and Uric Acid Concentration
3.6. Data Correlation
4. Discussion
5. Limitation
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | T0 | T7 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treated | Placebo | Treated | Placebo | |
MCV (fL) range * (80–100) | 90.4 ± 2.7 | 90.2 ± 3.0 | 90.4 ± 2.1 | 90.0 ± 3.2 |
AST (U/L) Range (17–59) | 32.8 ± 10.1 | 23.8 ± 9.8 | 32.0 ± 17.0 | 20.8 ± 5.1 |
ALT (U/L) Range (7–55) | 21.8 ± 10.8 | 19.2 ± 10.0 | 28.2 ± 34.7 | 15.4 ± 8.6 |
γ-GT (U/L) range (5–40) | 15.2 ± 4.3 | 10.6 ± 7.7 | 16.4 ± 3.8 | 13.8 ± 4.7 |
TBL (mg/dL) Range (0.1–1.2) | 0.67 ± 0.09 | 0.56 ± 0.07 | 1.03 ± 0.35 | 0.47 ± 0.15 |
DBIL (mg/dL) Range (0.1–0.3) | 0.25 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.10 | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.25 ± 0.11 |
UBIL (mg/dL) Range (0.2–0.8) | 0.39 ± 0.40 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | 0.41 ± 0.25 | 0.37 ± 0.11 |
Parameter | T10 | T13 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Treated | Placebo | Treated | Placebo | |
Alcohol level (g/L) | - | - | 0.015 ± 0.007 | 0.020 ± 0.008 |
ETG (ng/mL) | 483.1 ± 650.9 | 790.4 ± 1197 | 5017 ± 622.1 | 4466 ± 823.6 |
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Bosco, G.; Vezzoli, A.; Brizzolari, A.; Paganini, M.; Giacon, T.A.; Savini, F.; Gussoni, M.; Montorsi, M.; Dellanoce, C.; Mrakic-Sposta, S. Consumption of Sylimarin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Sodium Salt and Myricetin: Effects on Alcohol Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress—A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172965
Bosco G, Vezzoli A, Brizzolari A, Paganini M, Giacon TA, Savini F, Gussoni M, Montorsi M, Dellanoce C, Mrakic-Sposta S. Consumption of Sylimarin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Sodium Salt and Myricetin: Effects on Alcohol Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress—A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172965
Chicago/Turabian StyleBosco, Gerardo, Alessandra Vezzoli, Andrea Brizzolari, Matteo Paganini, Tommaso Antonio Giacon, Fabio Savini, Maristella Gussoni, Michela Montorsi, Cinzia Dellanoce, and Simona Mrakic-Sposta. 2024. "Consumption of Sylimarin, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Sodium Salt and Myricetin: Effects on Alcohol Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress—A Pilot Study" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2965. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172965