Zinc Finger Proteins: Functions and Mechanisms in Colon Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Zinc Finger Proteins
3. ZFPs and Their Role in Colon Cancer Patient Outcomes
4. Biological Functions of ZFPs in Colon Cancer
4.1. ZFPs Regulate Cell Proliferation
4.2. ZFPs Regulate EMT and Promote Invasion and Metastasis
4.3. ZFPs Regulate Inflammation
4.4. ZFPs Regulate Apoptosis
4.5. ZFPs Regulate Cell Cycle
4.6. ZFPs Regulate Drug Resistance
4.7. ZFPs Regulate Cancer Stem Cell
4.8. ZFPs Regulate DNA Methylation
5. MZF1: A Double-Edged Sword in Colon Cancer
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MZF1 | Myeloid zinc finger 1 |
Axl | AXL receptor tyrosine kinase |
SP1 | sp1 transcription factor |
Gas6 | growth arrest specific 6 |
PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells |
RAC | Rac family small GTPase |
SRC | SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase |
FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
EMT | Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition |
GRB2 | Growth Factor Receptor-bound Protein 2 |
SOS | SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor |
GDP | Guanosine 5′-diphosphate |
GTP | Guanosine 5′-triphosphate |
Raf | Rheumatoid Arthritis Factor |
MEK | MAPK/ERK kinase |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
p55PIK | p55 Phosphatidylinositol kinases |
GF | growth factor |
RTK | receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
PIP2 | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate |
PIP3 | Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate |
AKT | Alpha-serine/Threonine Kinase |
GSK3B | glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta |
BCD | beta-cyclodextrin |
mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase |
RAC | Rac family small GTPase 1 |
c-myc | cellular MYC proto-oncogene |
MINA53 | MYC-induced nuclear antigen |
ID2 | Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 |
BCL2 | BCL2 Apoptosis Regulator |
PTMA | Prothymosin alpha |
FTO | fat mass and obesity-associated protein |
DR5 | death receptor 5 |
TRAIL | TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand |
FADD | Fas-associated via death domain |
CDK1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 |
CDK2 | Cyclin-dependent kinase |
CDK4/6 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 |
E2F | E2F transcription factor |
Rb | Retinoblastoma Protein |
Bax | BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator |
ATM | ATM serine/threonine kinase |
MDM2 | MDM2 proto-oncogene |
ZFP91 | Zinc finger protein 91, atypical E3 ubiquitin ligase |
ZFP278 | Zinc finger protein 278 |
ZFP691 | Zinc finger protein 691 |
Slug | Zinc finger protein SNAI2 |
KLF6-SV2 | Krüppel-like factor 6- SV2 variant |
P52-ZER6 | p52 isoforms-zinc-finger estrogen receptor interaction clone 6 |
KAP1 | KRAB-associated protein-1 |
CYTOR | Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA |
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ZFPs | Aliases | Expression | Biological Functions | Targets | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZNF143 | pHZ-1, SBF, STAF | ↓ | EMT, invasion and metastasis | ZEB1, CDH1 | [38] |
ZNF146 | OZF | ↑ | - | - | [39] |
ZNF398 | KIAA1339, P51, P71, p52-ZER6 | ↑ | Tumorigenesis, cell proliferation and cell cycle | p53 | [40] |
KLF4 | EZF, GKLF | ↓ | Cell proliferation | Bmi1 | [41,42,43] |
ZFP91 | PZF, ZNF757, HPF7, HTF10 | ↑ | Tumorigenesis, cell proliferation and inflammation | NF-κB/p65, HIF-1α, IL-1β | [44,45,46,47,48] |
MAZ | Pur-1, ZF87, Zif87, ZNF801 | ↑ | Inflammation | HIF-2a, Tnfa, Cxcl1, STAT3 | [49] |
ZNF185 | SCELL | ↑ | Cell proliferation and liver metastasis | - | [36,37] |
PATZ1 | dJ400N23, MAZR, PATZ, RIAZ, ZSG ZBTB19, ZNF278, | ↑ | Potential proto-oncogene, cell proliferation and cell cycle | MAPK/ERK pathway | [50] |
Twist | - | ↑ | Cancer stem cell and EMT, invasion and metastasis | Fibronectin, Vimentin, Snail, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, | [51,52] |
Slug | - | ↑ | Cell cycle | Mdm2, P53, P21 | [53] |
ZEB1 | AREB6, Zfhep, BZP, FECD6, NIL-2-A, ZEB, TCF8, Zfhx1a, PPCD3 | ↑ | liver metastasis, DNA methylation, EMT, invasion and metastasis | CTBP, BRG1, uPA, PAI-1 E-cadherin, HDAC1, DNMT1 | [30,32,36,38,54,55,56] |
Snail | SNAI1 | ↑ | - | E-cadherin, G9a, LSD1, HDACs, SUV39H1 inhibitor, PRC2 | [57,58,59,60] |
ZEB2 | KIAA0569, SIP-1, SIP1, ZFHX1B | ↑ | EMT, invasion and metastasis | CTBP, E-cadherin | [54,60] |
ZEB2-AS1 | ↑ | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, invasion and metastasis | β-Catenin | [61] | |
CIZ1 | LSFR1, ZNF356 | ↑ | EMT, invasion and metastasis | - | [21] |
ZFX | ZNF92 | ↑ | Cell proliferation, cancer stem cell, EMT, invasion and metastasis | MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, STAT3 pathway | [8,62,63] |
RPS27 | MPS-1, MPS1, S27 | ↑ | EMT, invasion and metastasis | JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway | [33] |
ZNF511 | MGC30006, ZFP511 | ↑ | - | - | [39] |
ZNF217 | ZABC1 | ↑ | Oncogene, liver metastasis, EMT, invasion and metastasis | E-cadherin | [22] |
ZNF70 | Cos17, MGC48959 | ↑ | Inflammation | NLRP3, IL-1β, inflammasome, STAT3 | [64] |
ZFP36 | G0S24, NUP475, RNF162A, TIS11, TTP | ↓ | Cell proliferation, EMT, invasion and metastasis | IL-23, VDR, COX-2, VEGF, SOX9, MACC1, N-cadherin, ZEB1, Vimentin, E-cadherin, ZO-1 | [30,31] |
KLF12 | AP-2rep, AP2REP, HSPC122 | ↑ | Tumorigenesis and cell proliferation | - | [16] |
KLF6-SV2 | ZFP9 | ↓ | Cell proliferation and cell cycle | Bax, p21 | [18] |
MZF1 | MZF1A, MZF1B, ZFP98, ZSCAN6, ZNF42, | ↑ | Cell proliferation, apoptosis, EMT, invasion and metastasis | Axl, p55PIK, DR5, FADD Caspases | [17] |
ZKSCAN3 | ZF47, ZFP47, ZNF306, ZNF309, ZSCAN35 | ↑ | EMT, invasion and metastasis | Integrin β4 and VEGF | [19] |
ZNF692 | AREBP, FLJ20531 | ↑ | Cell proliferation, EMT, invasion and metastasis | CDK2, cyclin D1, Mmp-9, p27Kip1 | [20] |
ZNF750 | FLJ13841 | ↑ | Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, EMT, invasion and metastasis | CYTOR | [65] |
ZNF545 | ZFP82, KIAA1948, MGC45380 | ↓ | Apoptosis | KAP1 | [66] |
ZNF281 | ZBP-99 | ↑ | EMT, invasion and metastasis | IL-8, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-23,SNAIL, α-SMA Slug, TIMP-1, Vimentin, fibronectin, α-SMA | [4] |
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Liu, S.; Sima, X.; Liu, X.; Chen, H. Zinc Finger Proteins: Functions and Mechanisms in Colon Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 5242. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215242
Liu S, Sima X, Liu X, Chen H. Zinc Finger Proteins: Functions and Mechanisms in Colon Cancer. Cancers. 2022; 14(21):5242. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215242
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Shujie, Xiaonan Sima, Xingzhu Liu, and Hongping Chen. 2022. "Zinc Finger Proteins: Functions and Mechanisms in Colon Cancer" Cancers 14, no. 21: 5242. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215242