Cancers, Volume 14, Issue 21

Ewing Sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that mainly affects children, adolescents, and young adults. The standard therapy, including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, has substantially improved the survival of EWS patie...

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most aggressive cancers. Therapeutic treatments are based on surgery combined with chemotherapy using a combination of platinum-based agents. However, at metastatic stages of the disease, survival is extremely low du...

Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease due to high relapse rates and fast development of drug resistances. The introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has caused a paradigm shift in MM treatment, paving the way for targeted approaches...

This study examined the effects of the routine assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) on the overall survival of adult patients with cancer. We included clinical trials and observational studies with a control group that compared PRO monitori...

For patients with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) first-line treatment with hedgehog inhibitors (HHIs) and second-line treatment with PD1 inhibitors (PD1i) is available, offering combination and sequencing options. Here, we focus on the efficacy...

Pre-surgical treatments in patients with early breast cancer allows a direct estimation of treatment efficacy, by comparing the tumor and the treatment. Patients who achieve a pathological complete response at surgery have a better prognosis, with lo...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide due to its high rates of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown to play a significant role in HCC development, progression and cl...

Awake craniotomy with direct electrical stimulation (DES) is the standard treatment for patients with gliomas in eloquent areas. Even though language is monitored carefully during surgery, many patients suffer from postoperative aphasia, with negativ...

Background: Across a variety of solid tumors, prognostic implications of nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores have been identified as a complementary resource of risk stratification. Methods: In this retrospective study, we performed a comp...

Introduction: Anastomotic leaks (AL) following ovarian cytoreduction surgery could be detrimental, leading to significant delays in commencing adjuvant chemotherapy, prolonged hospital stays and increased morbidity. The aim of this study was to inves...

An individual patient meta-analysis followed 1216 patients with PSA-only recurrence (biochemical recurrence, BCR) restaged with [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT before the salvage treatment for median 3.5 years and analyzed the overall survival (OS). A new ri...

Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust introduced robotic surgery for uterine corpus cancer in 2010 to support increased access to minimally invasive surgery, a central element of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway. More than 1750 gynaecolo...

Breast cancer (BC) is well-known for being a leading cause of death worldwide. It is classified molecularly into luminal A, luminal B HER2−, luminal B HER2+, HER2+, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These subtypes differ in their progno...

Background: Lymph node dissection (LND) in primary treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is controversial. The aim of our retrospective study was to analyse the risk factors of post-thyroidectomy complications and to assess the morbidity of l...

Accurate risk stratification selects patients who are expected to benefit most from surgery. This retrospective study enrolled 225 Japanese patients with intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) who underwent hepatectomy between January 2009 an...

Intravascular lymphoma is a form of lymphoid malignancy characterized by neoplastic cells growing almost exclusively within the lumina of small- to medium-sized blood vessels. Most cases are of B-cell origin with rare cases of natural killer or T-cel...

The diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer is challenging due to its asymptomatic nature, especially given the repeated radiation exposure and high cost of computed tomography(CT). Examining the lung CT images to detect pulmonary nodules, especially th...

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it is a molecularly diverse disease. Heterogeneity can be observed in a wide range of cell types with varying morphologies and behaviors. Molecular classifications are broadly u...

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of CO₂ laser treatment in oral leukoplakia and to analyse the recurrence rate of oral leukoplakia lesions at 18-month follow-up. Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study regarding CO₂ la...

Cancer cells may stimulate glycolytic flux when O₂ becomes insufficient. Increase in L-lactate release therefore appears as an escape mechanism to drugs targeting mitochondrial respiration but also represents a response that may be exploited to scree...

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression in ~2/3 breast tumors selects patients for hormonal therapies. Tumors negative for ERα but positive for the progesterone receptor (PR, encoded by PGR) have also been candidates for ER-targeting the...

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon disease and its gold-standard treatment is radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Distal ureterectomy (DU) might be an alternative for tumors of the distal ureter but its indications remain un...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a class of cancer treatment drugs that stimulate the immune system’s ability to fight tumor cells. These drugs are monoclonal antibodies targeting im-mune-inhibiting proteins on cancer cells, such as CTLA-4 and...

BRAF V600E mutation drives uncontrolled cell growth in most melanomas. While BRAF V600E tumors are initially responsive to BRAF inhibitors, prolonged treatment results in inhibitor resistance and tumor regrowth. Clinical data have linked the NRAS Q61...

As the current staging and grading systems are not sufficient to stratify patients for therapy and predict the outcome of the disease, there is an urgent need to understand cancer in its complexity. The mutual relationship between tumour and immune o...

The role of primary tumour size (TS) in the clinical course of testicular tumours is incompletely understood. We retrospectively evaluated 641 consecutive patients with testicular neoplasms with regard to TS, histology, clinical stage (CS), serum tum...

Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), possessing self-renewal properties and resistance to anticancer treatment, are possibly the leading cause of distant metastasis and treatment failure in prostate cancer (PC). CD133 is one of the most well-known and...

Clinical trials evaluating intrapleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) are ongoing for mesothelioma. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related to the inherent properties of photosensitizers. Herein, we report the synthesis...

We aimed to develop an antibody panel and data analysis algorithm for multicolor flow cytometry (MFC), which is a reliable method for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) tr...

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed form of female’s cancer, and in recent years it has become the most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Like many other tumours, breast cancer is a histologically and biologically...

Arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification affecting protein activity and the transcription of target genes when methylation occurs on histone tails. There are nine protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) in mammals, divided...

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells hold enormous potential. However, a substantial proportion of patients receiving CAR T cells will not reach long-term full remission. One of the causes lies in their premature exhaustion, which also includes a...

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, in recent years, an increase in the incidence of OSCC has been registered, and the mortality rate is s...

Bladder cancer represents a major health issue. Transurethral resection is the first line treatment and an accurate assessment of tumor margins might warrant complete tumor removal. Genomic instability and proliferative potential are common hallmarks...

Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the first lines of defense against infections and malignancies. NK cell-based immunotherapies are emerging as an alternative to T cell-based immunotherapies. Preclinical and clinical studies of NK cell-based immun...

The molecular mechanism that promotes pancreatic cancer remains unclear, so it is important to find the molecular network of important genes related to pancreatic cancer. To find the key molecule of pancreatic cancer, differential gene expression ana...

Autotaxin (ATX), the protein product of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2), is a secreted lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) responsible for the extracellular production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX-LPA pathway signaling par...

Breast cancer (BC) is the prevailing malignancy and major cause of cancer-related death in females. Doxorubicin is a part of BC neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The administration of anthracycline derivates, such as doxorubicin, may ca...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are conservative and ubiquitous proteins that are expressed both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and play an important role in cellular homeostasis, including the regulation of proteostasis, apoptosis, autophagy, ma...

(1) Background: Recently, cell division cycle associated 8 (CDCA8) was found to be overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we aimed to explore the specific mechanism of action of CDCA8 in PDAC progression. (2) Methods: All hum...

Purpose: Solid tumors harboring tumor mutational burden (TMB) ≥10 mutations per megabase (mut/Mb) received agnostic approval for pembrolizumab. This work aims to analyze the somatic mutational profile’s influence on the outcomes of patients...

Background: Percutaneous cryoablation with liquid nitrogen is a new technique being used in the treatment of some malignant tumors. Our objective was to assess its feasibility in the ablation of tumor lesions of various sizes and locations. Methods:...

This review describes the current landscape of targeted therapies in urothelial carcinoma. The standard of care for advanced urothelial carcinoma patients remains platinum-based combination chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy. However, median over...

In NSCLC, KRAS mutations occur in up to 30% of all cases, most frequently at codon 12 and 13. KRAS mutations have been linked to adenocarcinoma histology, positive smoking history, and Caucasian ethnicity, although differences have been described acr...

Histopathologic assessment of high-risk endometrial cancer (EC) suffers from intersubject variability and poor reproducibility. The pragmatic classification in four molecular subgroups helps to overcome these limits, showing a significant prognostic...

The outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unsatisfactory because of its high recurrence rate. The Vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) pattern is a unique vascular structure. In this study, we investigated the clinica...

Incidental thyroid carcinomas (ITCs) are a fairly frequent finding in daily routine practice, with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma being the most frequent entity. In our work, we isolated incidental cases arising in thyroids removed for other cytolo...

Introduction: Nivolumab (N), pembrolizumab (P), and dabrafenib plus trametinib (D + T) have been registered as adjuvant treatments for resected stage III and IV melanoma since 2018. Electronic health records (EHRs) are a real-world data source that c...

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a large family of calcium- and phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases that consists of at least 11 isozymes. Based on their structural characteristics and mode of activation, the PKC family is classified into three...

Poor generalizability is a major barrier to clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in digital pathology. The aim of this study was to test the generalizability of a pretrained deep learning model to a new diagnostic setting and to a small...