Properties of Macroalgae Biopolymer Films Reinforcement with Polysaccharide Microfibre
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Isolation of Gigantochloa Levis Bamboo-MCC (GL-MCC)
2.2. Preparation of Macroalgae (SW)/Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) Biopolymer Film
2.3. Moisture Content (MC)
2.4. Water Absorption Capacity (WSC)
2.5. Film Thickness
2.6. Morphological Property
2.7. X-Ray Diffraction Micrographs (X-RD)
2.8. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.9. Tensile Properties
2.10. Water Contact Angle (WCA)
2.11. Soil Burial Test of Macroalgae (SW)/Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) Biopolymer Films
2.12. Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) Analysis
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Moisture Content (MC)
3.2. Water Sorption Capacity (WSC)
3.3. Morphological Properties of Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) and Macroalgae (SW)/Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) Biopolymer Films
3.4. The Crystallinity Index of GL-MCC and SW/GL-MCC Biopolymer Films
3.5. Thermal Properties of GL-MCC and Macroalgae (SW)/GL-MCC Biopolymer Films
3.6. Tensile Properties of Macroalgae (SW)/GL-MCC Biopolymer Films
3.7. Wettability of Macroalgae (SW)/Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) Biopolymer Films
3.8. Biodegradability of Macroalgae (SW)/Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) Biopolymer Films
3.9. FT-IR Characterisation of Macroalgae (SW)/Polysaccharide Microfibre (GL-MCC) Biopolymer Films
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Film | MC (%) | WSC (%) | Thickness (µm) |
---|---|---|---|
Plain-SW | 38.17 ± 0.6 d | 180 ± 3.0 b | 76 ± 0.003 a |
SW/2% GL-MCC | 31.43 ± 1.8 c | 140 ± 4.0 a | 93 ± 0.004 a b |
SW/4% GL-MCC | 23.83 ± 1.6 b | 136 ± 3.0 a | 102 ± 0.003 ab |
SW/6% GL-MCC | 25.30 ± 0.9 a | 146 ± 3.0 a | 105 ± 0.005 ab |
SW/8% GL-MCC | 27.50 ± 0.2 a | 158 ± 5.0 a | 108 ± 0.006 b |
Samples | Droplet Image | Contact Angle (°) | CA ± SD |
---|---|---|---|
Plain-SW | 42.00 ± 0.53 a | ||
SW/2% GL-MCC | 49.11 ± 0.24 b | ||
SW/4% GL-MCC | 60.80 ± 0.05 d | ||
SW/6% GL-MCC | 54.76 ± 0.50 c | ||
SW/8% GL-MCC | 50.12 ± 0.03 c |
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Rizal, S.; Lai, T.K.; Muksin, U.; Olaiya, N.G.; Abdullah, C.K.; Ikramullah; Yahya, E.B.; Chong, E.W.N.; Abdul Khalil, H.P.S. Properties of Macroalgae Biopolymer Films Reinforcement with Polysaccharide Microfibre. Polymers 2020, 12, 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112554
Rizal S, Lai TK, Muksin U, Olaiya NG, Abdullah CK, Ikramullah, Yahya EB, Chong EWN, Abdul Khalil HPS. Properties of Macroalgae Biopolymer Films Reinforcement with Polysaccharide Microfibre. Polymers. 2020; 12(11):2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112554
Chicago/Turabian StyleRizal, Samsul, Tze Kiat Lai, Umar Muksin, N.G. Olaiya, C.K. Abdullah, Ikramullah, Esam Bashir Yahya, E.W.N. Chong, and H.P.S. Abdul Khalil. 2020. "Properties of Macroalgae Biopolymer Films Reinforcement with Polysaccharide Microfibre" Polymers 12, no. 11: 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112554