Next Article in Journal
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Clay/Essential Oils Bionanocomposites Incorporating Biochar: Thermo-Mechanical and Antioxidant Properties
Previous Article in Journal
Fabrication and Performance of PVAc-Incorporated Porous Self-Standing Zeolite-Based Geopolymer Membranes for Lead (Pb(II)) Removal in Water Treatment
Previous Article in Special Issue
Biocomposites Based on PHBV and the Lignocellulosic Residue from Horchata Production
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Polymers
Volume 17
Issue 9
10.3390/polym17091156
polymers-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

High-Energy Milling as a Pre-Treatment Alternative for Lignocellulosic Fibers Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain

by
Erik Gomez-Hernandez
1,
Ernesto Hernández-Hernández
2,
Javier Castro-Rosas
3,
Rosa A. Vázquez-García
4,
Arturo Cadena-Ramírez
5,
Brenda E. Jiménez-Villeda
6 and
Carlos A. Gomez-Aldapa
3,*
1
Doctorado en Ciencias Ambientales, Área Académica de Química-ICBI, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
2
Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
3
Área Académica de Química-ICBI, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
4
Área Académica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales-ICBI, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
5
Programa de Ingeniería Biomedica, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca-Cd. Sahagún Km. 20 Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Zempoala 43830, Hidalgo, Mexico
6
Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Occidente, Paseo del Agrarismo 2000, Car. Mixquiahuala-Tula, Km. 2.5, Mixquiahuala de Juárez 42700, Hidalgo, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2025, 17(9), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091156
Submission received: 9 February 2025 / Revised: 26 March 2025 / Accepted: 2 April 2025 / Published: 24 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Cellulose and Renewable Materials)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate how high-energy milling affects the structural, thermal, and morphological properties of brewer’s spent grain fibers over time. The researchers determined the chemical composition of the samples using TAPPI techniques, particle size analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The samples displayed distinct morphologies and particle sizes depending on the treatment duration. The sample treated for 120 min (T120) showed the smallest particle size (19.4 µm). FTIR spectra revealed that the mechanical treatment strongly disrupted the structure of hemicellulose. The thermal stability of the samples decreased because of the applied treatment. Mechanical milling also fully eliminated the crystalline structure of cellulose in the samples. These findings indicate that high-energy milling holds strong potential as a pre-treatment method for the valorization of lignocellulosic residues.
Keywords: agro-industrial residue; brewery spent grain; high-energy ball milling; lignocellulosic fiber; pretreatment agro-industrial residue; brewery spent grain; high-energy ball milling; lignocellulosic fiber; pretreatment
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gomez-Hernandez, E.; Hernández-Hernández, E.; Castro-Rosas, J.; Vázquez-García, R.A.; Cadena-Ramírez, A.; Jiménez-Villeda, B.E.; Gomez-Aldapa, C.A. High-Energy Milling as a Pre-Treatment Alternative for Lignocellulosic Fibers Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain. Polymers 2025, 17, 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091156

AMA Style

Gomez-Hernandez E, Hernández-Hernández E, Castro-Rosas J, Vázquez-García RA, Cadena-Ramírez A, Jiménez-Villeda BE, Gomez-Aldapa CA. High-Energy Milling as a Pre-Treatment Alternative for Lignocellulosic Fibers Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain. Polymers. 2025; 17(9):1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091156

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gomez-Hernandez, Erik, Ernesto Hernández-Hernández, Javier Castro-Rosas, Rosa A. Vázquez-García, Arturo Cadena-Ramírez, Brenda E. Jiménez-Villeda, and Carlos A. Gomez-Aldapa. 2025. "High-Energy Milling as a Pre-Treatment Alternative for Lignocellulosic Fibers Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain" Polymers 17, no. 9: 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091156

APA Style

Gomez-Hernandez, E., Hernández-Hernández, E., Castro-Rosas, J., Vázquez-García, R. A., Cadena-Ramírez, A., Jiménez-Villeda, B. E., & Gomez-Aldapa, C. A. (2025). High-Energy Milling as a Pre-Treatment Alternative for Lignocellulosic Fibers Derived from Brewer’s Spent Grain. Polymers, 17(9), 1156. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091156

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop