Utilizing Infrared Thermometry to Assess the Crop Water Stress Index of Wheat Genotypes in Arid Regions under Varying Irrigation Regimes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Layout
2.2. Plant Materials
2.3. Irrigation Requirement Consumption and Water Supply
2.4. Time of Irrigation
- Treatment for no stress: intervals of irrigation based on the pan factor (Ef = 0.8). This means near irrigation intervals (after collecting 53 mm from the evaporation pan);
- Treatment for stress: intervals of irrigation according to the pan factor (Ef = 0.4). This means far irrigation intervals (after collecting 107 mm from the evaporation pan).
2.5. Applied Water
2.6. Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
2.7. Upper and Lower Baselines and CWSI Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Irrigation Requirements (Applied Water)
3.2. Wheat Genotypes (CWSI)
3.3. Upper and Lower Baseline Evaluation
3.4. CWSI before and after Supplying Irrigation Water
3.5. Monthly Variations in CWSI
3.6. CWSI and Grain Yield (GY)
3.7. CWSI and WUE
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Season | Measurement | Months | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
November | December | January | February | March | April | ||
2020/2021 | Max. Temp. (°C) | 27.3 | 22.8 | 21.2 | 24.5 | 28.9 | 32.5 |
Min. Temp. (°C) | 20.1 | 15.3 | 13.7 | 16.5 | 20.5 | 24.1 | |
RH (%) | 58.0 | 63.0 | 65.0 | 64.0 | 51.0 | 37.0 | |
WS (m/s) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
DS (hours/day) | 9.3 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 10.3 | |
ETo (mm/day) | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 6.3 | |
2021/2022 | Max. Temp. (°C) | 28.0 | 23.4 | 21.7 | 25.1 | 29.6 | 33.3 |
Min. Temp. (°C) | 20.6 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 16.9 | 21.0 | 24.7 | |
RH (%) | 59.5 | 64.6 | 66.7 | 65.6 | 52.3 | 37.9 | |
WS (m/s) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
DS (hours/day) | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.6 | |
ETo (mm/day) | 3.5 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 6.4 |
Physical Properties | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depth (cm) | Bulk Density (g cm−3) | Field Capacity (%) | Soil Texture | Permanent Wilting Point (%) | Available Water (%) | ||
0–30 | 1.4 | 25 | Sandy clay loam | 9 | 16 | ||
30–45 | 1.5 | 13 | Sandy loam | 6 | 7 | ||
Chemical properties | |||||||
Depth (cm) | pH | ECe (dS m−1) | Available Nutrients (mg kg−1) | CaCO3 % | Organic Matter % | ||
N | P | K | |||||
0–30 | 8.2 | 2.1 | 52 | 15 | 68 | 2.7 | 0.77 |
30–45 | 8.5 | 2.4 | 35 | 10 | 41 | 3.7 | 0.51 |
Genotype | 2020/2021 | 2021/2022 |
---|---|---|
G1 | Tc − Ta = −0.9879 VPD − 1.9079 | Tc – Ta = −0.8407 VPD − 1.3825 |
G2 | Tc − Ta = −0.3787 VPD − 1.176 | Tc − Ta = −1.0184 VPD − 2.0759 |
G3 | Tc − Ta = −1.446 VPD + 0.0666 | Tc − Ta = −2.1018VPD − 1.6837 |
G4 | Tc − Ta = −0.5892VPD − 2.9127 | Tc − Ta = −1.7146VPD − 2.1374 |
G5 | Tc − Ta = −0.3667VPD − 2.5077 | Tc − Ta = −0.791VPD − 2.6053 |
G6 | Tc − Ta = −0.5266VPD − 0.0202 | Tc − Ta = −1.0126VPD − 3.5439 |
G7 | Tc − Ta = −0.804VPD − 0.5413 | Tc − Ta = −0.8355VPD − 1.3265 |
G8 | Tc − Ta = −0.5676VPD − 2.3426 | Tc − Ta = −0.7996VPD − 0.2262 |
G9 | Tc − Ta = −0.3916VPD − 2.6538 | Tc − Ta = −1.0475VPD − 0.4137 |
G10 | Tc − Ta = −0.8306VPD − 0.7664 | Tc − Ta = −1.5379VPD − 0.2638 |
Genotype | 2020/2021 | 2021/2022 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Well | Stress | Well | Stress | |||||
Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | |
G1 | 0.406 | 0.005 | 0.877 | 0.034 | 0.436 | 0.006 | 0.877 | 0.043 |
G2 | 0.481 | −0.002 | 0.938 | 0.026 | 0.388 | −0.001 | 0.813 | 0.027 |
G3 | 0.313 | 0.005 | 0.554 | 0.015 | 0.556 | −0.003 | 1.006 | 0.058 |
G4 | 0.458 | 0.020 | 0.908 | 0.034 | 0.430 | −0.004 | 0.864 | 0.057 |
G5 | 0.531 | 0.000 | 0.883 | 0.016 | 0.418 | 0.004 | 0.840 | 0.041 |
G6 | 0.362 | −0.007 | 0.624 | 0.031 | 0.418 | 0.000 | 0.798 | 0.043 |
G7 | 0.515 | 0.000 | 0.931 | 0.035 | 0.444 | −0.001 | 0.892 | 0.048 |
G8 | 0.430 | −0.002 | 0.821 | 0.018 | 0.471 | 0.002 | 0.946 | 0.055 |
G9 | 0.466 | 0.000 | 0.936 | 0.022 | 0.352 | 0.001 | 0.708 | 0.041 |
G10 | 0.485 | 0.001 | 0.975 | 0.030 | 0.320 | −0.003 | 0.609 | 0.033 |
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Mohamed, N.E.; Mustafa, A.-r.A.; Bedawy, I.M.A.; Ahmed, A.s.; Abdelsamie, E.A.; Mohamed, E.S.; Rebouh, N.Y.; Shokr, M.S. Utilizing Infrared Thermometry to Assess the Crop Water Stress Index of Wheat Genotypes in Arid Regions under Varying Irrigation Regimes. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081814
Mohamed NE, Mustafa A-rA, Bedawy IMA, Ahmed As, Abdelsamie EA, Mohamed ES, Rebouh NY, Shokr MS. Utilizing Infrared Thermometry to Assess the Crop Water Stress Index of Wheat Genotypes in Arid Regions under Varying Irrigation Regimes. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081814
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed, Naheif E., Abdel-rahman A. Mustafa, Ismail M. A. Bedawy, Aliaa saad Ahmed, Elsayed A. Abdelsamie, Elsayed Said Mohamed, Nazih Y. Rebouh, and Mohamed S. Shokr. 2024. "Utilizing Infrared Thermometry to Assess the Crop Water Stress Index of Wheat Genotypes in Arid Regions under Varying Irrigation Regimes" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081814