Irrigation of ‘Prata-Anã’ Banana with Partial Root-Zone Drying in a Semi-Arid Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experiment Characterization
2.2. Gas Exchange and Phytotechnical Characteristics Determinations
3. Results
3.1. Soil Water Content
3.2. Gas Exchange
3.3. Vegetative Characteristics
3.4. Yield Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Water Content
4.2. Gas Exchange
4.3. Vegetative Characteristics
4.4. Yield Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Depth (m) | Sand | Silt | Clay | BD (kg dm−3) | Moisture (m3 m−3) at Tension (kPa) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g kg−1) | 10 | 33 | 100 | 500 | 1500 | ||||
0.00–0.20 | 673 | 51 | 276 | 1.44 | 0.1817 | 0.1533 | 0.1381 | 0.1316 | 0.1280 |
0.20–0.40 | 712 | 35 | 253 | 1.40 | 0.1864 | 0.1559 | 0.1376 | 0.1279 | 0.1268 |
Irrigation Strategies | 319 DAP | 320 DAP | 361 DAP | 362 DAP | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morning | Afternoon | Morning | Afternoon | Morning | Afternoon | Morning | Afternoon | |
PRD7 50% | 0.353 | 0.277 | 0.474 | 0.275 | 0.474 | 0.414 | 0.275 | 0.563 |
PRD14 50% | 0.460 | 0.377 | 0.456 | 0.442 | 0.456 | 0.430 | 0.442 | 0.559 |
PRD21 50% | 0.409 | 0.331 | 0.430 | 0.319 | 0.430 | 0.473 | 0.307 | 0.572 |
FX 50% | 0.434 | 0.475 | 0.441 | 0.282 | 0.441 | 0.507 | 0.295 | 0.369 |
FULL | 0.385 | 0.447 | 0.457 | 0.329 | 0.457 | 0.526 | 0.329 | 0.676 |
CV (%) | 43.35 | 32.81 | 20.63 | 32.41 | 20.63 | 36.98 | 33.16 | 36.69 |
Physiological Variable | Period | PRD7 50% | ∆ (%) | PRD14 50% | ∆ (%) | PRD21 50% | ∆ (%) | FX 50% | ∆ (%) | FULL | CV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ci (µmol mol−1) | Morning | 211.0 | +1.9 | 220.40 | +6.5 | 228.40 | +10.3 | 209.40 | +1.2 | 207.00 | 5.80 |
Afternoon | 205.8 | –8.4 | 206.40 | –8.1 | 209.40 | –6.8 | 227.80 | +1.4 | 224.60 | 7.36 | |
E (mmol m−2 s−1) | Morning | 6.93 | +15.5 | 7.03 | +17.2 | 7.16 | +19.3 | 6.57 | +9.5 | 6.00 | 11.23 |
Afternoon | 8.94 | +7.5 | 8.51 | +2.3 | 9.04 | +8.7 | 10.21 | +22.7 | 8.32 | 14.53 | |
A (µmol m−2 s−1) | Morning | 23.03 | +13.1 | 23.12 | +13.5 | 20.94 | +2.8 | 23.94 | +17.5 | 20.37 | 11.66 |
Afternoon | 20.01 | +19.8 | 19.11 | +14.4 | 18.22 | +9.1 | 20.83 | +24.7 | 16.70 | 12.21 | |
gs (mol m−2 s−1) | Morning | 0.36 | +72.9 | 0.40 | +89.6 | 0.39 | +84.0 | 0.37 | +77.9 | 0.21 | 18.08 |
Afternoon | 0.32 | +12.9 | 0.30 | +5.8 | 0.30 | +5.8 | 0.41 | +44.7 | 0.28 | 25.06 | |
Tleaf (°C) | Morning | 34.36 | +2.7 | 34.02 | +1.7 | 34.57 | +3.4 | 33.48 | +0.1 | 33.45 | 1.92 |
Afternoon | 38.94 | +1.1 | 38.88 | +0.9 | 39.60 | +2.8 | 39.19 | +1.7 | 38.53 | 3.02 |
Irrigation Strategies | A/E (µmol m−2 s−1/mmol m−2 s−1) | A/Ci (µmol m−2 s−1/µmol mol−1) | A/Qleaf (µmol m−2 s−1/µmol m−2 s−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morning | Afternoon | Morning | Afternoon | Morning | Afternoon | |
PRD7 50% | 3.440 | 2.267 | 0.110 | 0.099 | 0.013 | 0.010 |
PRD14 50% | 3.368 | 2.341 | 0.105 | 0.092 | 0.013 | 0.010 |
PRD21 50% | 3.026 | 2.033 | 0.092 | 0.085 | 0.011 | 0.010 |
FX 50% | 3.675 | 2.048 | 0.115 | 0.092 | 0.013 | 0.010 |
FULL | 3.428 | 2.150 | 0.099 | 0.074 | 0.011 | 0.009 |
CV (%) | 8.53 | 14.81 | 14.06 | 14.29 | 14.53 | 12.90 |
Characteristics | Cycle | Irrigation Strategies | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRD7 50% | PRD14 50% | PRD21 50% | FX 50% | FULL | CV (%) | |||||||
Plant height (m) | 1st | 2.12 | ab | 2.24 | a | 2.10 | b | 2.19 | ab | 2.19 | ab | 3.35 |
2nd | 2.92 | a | 3.22 | a | 3.00 | a | 2.92 | a | 3.20 | a | 5.37 | |
Pseudostem (m) | 1st | 0.65 | ab | 0.67 | a | 0.66 | ab | 0.63 | b | 0.67 | a | 2.84 |
2nd | 0.73 | a | 0.80 | a | 0.76 | a | 0.74 | a | 0.81 | a | 6.05 | |
Days to flowering (days) | 1st | 168.3 | a | 132.2 | bc | 148.1 | ab | 133.4 | ab | 127.4 | c | 16.06 |
2nd | 307.9 | a | 329.2 | a | 343.9 | a | 327.4 | a | 311.4 | a | 10.22 | |
N° living leaves at flowering (un) | 1st | 18.5 | a | 18.4 | a | 18.5 | a | 18.5 | a | 18.6 | a | 5.04 |
2nd | 14.8 | a | 13.8 | a | 14.1 | a | 14.4 | a | 14.7 | a | 4.92 |
Characteristics | Cycle | Irrigation Strategies | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PRD7 50% | PRD14 50% | PRD21 50% | FX 50% | FULL | CV (%) | |||||||
Number of fruits per bunch (un) | 1st | 101 | b | 106 | ab | 108 | ab | 105 | ab | 116 | a | 6.20 |
2nd | 106 | a | 120 | a | 113 | a | 108 | a | 126 | a | 9.63 | |
Length of central fruit of the 2nd hand (cm) | 1st | 14.3 | a | 14.3 | a | 14.8 | a | 14.0 | a | 14.5 | a | 5.36 |
2nd | 16.3 | b | 17.0 | ab | 17.4 | ab | 17.6 | ab | 18.3 | a | 4.77 | |
Diameter of central fruit of the 2nd hand (mm) | 1st | 31 | a | 33 | a | 33 | a | 32 | a | 33 | a | 3.46 |
2nd | 36 | a | 36 | a | 35 | a | 35 | a | 37 | a | 2.69 | |
Mass of central fruit of the 2nd hand (g) | 1st | 92.8 | a | 108.1 | a | 110.3 | a | 109.9 | a | 112.8 | a | 16.09 |
2nd | 126.7 | b | 138.2 | b | 140.4 | ab | 143.9 | ab | 157.5 | a | 7.04 | |
N° living leaves at harvest (un) | 1st | 6.5 | a | 7.4 | a | 6.6 | a | 7.4 | a | 7.4 | a | 25.54 |
2nd | 10.4 | a | 10.0 | a | 10.3 | a | 10.0 | a | 11.1 | a | 7.20 | |
Total leaf area (m2) | 1st | 3.61 | a | 4.44 | a | 4.13 | a | 4.62 | a | 4.52 | a | 28.21 |
2nd | 7.10 | a | 7.68 | a | 7.87 | a | 7.58 | a | 9.30 | a | 16.34 | |
Water productivity—WP (kg ha−1 mm−1) | 1st | 40.51 | ab | 45.18 | a | 48.07 | a | 46.16 | a | 29.83 | b | 14.04 |
2nd | 47.46 | a | 52.70 | a | 51.13 | a | 50.56 | a | 30.49 | b | 10.29 | |
Yield of hands (Mg ha−1) | 1st | 7.10 | a | 7.68 | a | 7.87 | a | 7.58 | a | 9.30 | a | 16.34 |
2nd | 29.85 | b | 33.14 | ab | 32.16 | ab | 31.80 | ab | 38.35 | a | 11.35 |
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Almeida, F.P.d.; Santos, M.R.d.; Coelho, E.F.; Donato, S.L.R.; Oliveira, P.M.d.; Reis, J.B.R.d.S.; Carvalho, L.A.C.d.; Lima, J.C.L.d.; Santos, D.L.; Cunha, F.F.d. Irrigation of ‘Prata-Anã’ Banana with Partial Root-Zone Drying in a Semi-Arid Environment. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1820. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081820
Almeida FPd, Santos MRd, Coelho EF, Donato SLR, Oliveira PMd, Reis JBRdS, Carvalho LACd, Lima JCLd, Santos DL, Cunha FFd. Irrigation of ‘Prata-Anã’ Banana with Partial Root-Zone Drying in a Semi-Arid Environment. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1820. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081820
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmeida, Felipe Pires de, Marcelo Rocha dos Santos, Eugênio Ferreira Coelho, Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato, Polyanna Mara de Oliveira, João Batista Ribeiro da Silva Reis, Luiz Antonio Conceição de Carvalho, José Carlos Lopes de Lima, Dionei Lima Santos, and Fernando França da Cunha. 2024. "Irrigation of ‘Prata-Anã’ Banana with Partial Root-Zone Drying in a Semi-Arid Environment" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1820. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081820