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10.3390/w14010081
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Article

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of a Compact Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Effluent Polishing of Treated Sewage

by
Jamal Ali Kawan
1,
Fatihah Suja’
2,3,*,
Sagor Kumar Pramanik
2,
Arij Yusof
2,
Rakmi Abdul Rahman
4,5 and
Hassimi Abu Hasan
3,5
1
Akakus Oil Operations Company, El Sharara Production, El-Tahadi Street (Off Airport Road), Tripoli P.O. Box 91987, Libya
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
3
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
4
Envirosource Sdn Bhd, No. 13A, Jalan Jernang Jaya 1, Taman Jernang Jaya, Bandar Baru Bangi 43650, Malaysia
5
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2022, 14(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010081
Submission received: 25 November 2021 / Revised: 24 December 2021 / Accepted: 28 December 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)
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Abstract

Treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant can be further reused as a water resource for a water supply treatment plant. In this case, the treated sewage gathered in the study of the Class V National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) of Malaysia would be treated for use as a water resource for a water treatment plant. In a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with a 500-L working volume, organic pollutants, undesirable nutrients, and bacteria were removed without disinfectant. At 24-h hydraulic retention time (HRT), the maximum removal efficiency of 5-day biological oxygen demand, ammonia–nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus were 71%, 48%, and 12%, respectively. The biofilm thickness, which was captured using scanning electron microscopy, increased from 102.6 μm (24-h HRT) to 297.1 μm (2-h HRT). A metagenomic analysis using 16S rRNA showed an abundance of anaerobic bacteria, especially from the Proteobacteria phylum, which made up almost 53% of the total microbes. MBBR operated at 24-h HRT could improve effluent quality, as its characteristics fell into Class IIA of the NWQS of Malaysia, with the exception of the NH3-N content, which indicated that the effluent needed conventional treatment prior to being reused as potable water.
Keywords: moving bed biofilm reactor; polishing system; sewage; water supply resource; water reuse moving bed biofilm reactor; polishing system; sewage; water supply resource; water reuse

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kawan, J.A.; Suja’, F.; Pramanik, S.K.; Yusof, A.; Abdul Rahman, R.; Abu Hasan, H. Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of a Compact Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Effluent Polishing of Treated Sewage. Water 2022, 14, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010081

AMA Style

Kawan JA, Suja’ F, Pramanik SK, Yusof A, Abdul Rahman R, Abu Hasan H. Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of a Compact Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Effluent Polishing of Treated Sewage. Water. 2022; 14(1):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kawan, Jamal Ali, Fatihah Suja’, Sagor Kumar Pramanik, Arij Yusof, Rakmi Abdul Rahman, and Hassimi Abu Hasan. 2022. "Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of a Compact Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Effluent Polishing of Treated Sewage" Water 14, no. 1: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010081

APA Style

Kawan, J. A., Suja’, F., Pramanik, S. K., Yusof, A., Abdul Rahman, R., & Abu Hasan, H. (2022). Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Performance of a Compact Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Effluent Polishing of Treated Sewage. Water, 14(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010081

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