Next Article in Journal
Water Level Forecasting Using Spatiotemporal Attention-Based Long Short-Term Memory Network
Next Article in Special Issue
Assessing the Groundwater Reserves of the Udaipur District, Aravalli Range, India, Using Geospatial Techniques
Previous Article in Journal
A Hybrid Model for Water Quality Prediction Based on an Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Transform, and Long Short-Term Memory
Previous Article in Special Issue
A Model-Based Approach for Improving Surface Water Quality Management in Aquaculture Using MIKE 11: A Case of the Long Xuyen Quadangle, Mekong Delta, Vietnam
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India

by
Ajit Kumar Behera
1,2,*,
Rudra Mohan Pradhan
3,
Sudhir Kumar
4,
Govind Joseph Chakrapani
1 and
Pankaj Kumar
5,*
1
Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
2
Marine Geoscience Group, National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, India
3
Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400 076, India
4
Hydrological Investigations Division, National Institute of Hydrology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
5
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama 2108-11, Kanagawa, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2022, 14(4), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040611
Submission received: 20 December 2021 / Revised: 11 February 2022 / Accepted: 15 February 2022 / Published: 17 February 2022

Abstract

Despite being a biodiversity hotspot, the Mahanadi delta is facing groundwater salinization as one of the main environmental threats in the recent past. Hence, this study attempts to understand the dynamics of groundwater and its sustainable management options through numerical simulation in the Jagatsinghpur deltaic region. The result shows that groundwater in the study area is extensively abstracted for agricultural activities, which also causes the depletion of groundwater levels. The hydraulic head value varies from 0.7 to 15 m above mean sea level (MSL) with an average head of 6 m in this low-lying coastal region. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity and the specific yield values in the area are found to vary from 40 to 45 m/day and 0.05 to 0.07, respectively. The study area has been calibrated for two years (2004–2005) by using these parameters, followed by the validation of four years (2006–2009). The calibrated numerical model is used to evaluate the net recharge and groundwater balance in this study area. The interaction between the river and coastal unconfined aquifer system responds differently in different seasons. The net groundwater recharge to the coastal aquifer has been estimated and varies from 247.89 to 262.63 million cubic meters (MCM) in the year 2006–2007. The model further indicates a net outflow of 8.92–9.64 MCM of groundwater into the Bay of Bengal. Further, the outflow to the sea is preventing the seawater ingress into the shallow coastal aquifer system.
Keywords: groundwater; MODFLOW; groundwater modeling; hydraulic conductivity; coastal aquifer; Mahanadi delta groundwater; MODFLOW; groundwater modeling; hydraulic conductivity; coastal aquifer; Mahanadi delta

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Behera, A.K.; Pradhan, R.M.; Kumar, S.; Chakrapani, G.J.; Kumar, P. Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India. Water 2022, 14, 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040611

AMA Style

Behera AK, Pradhan RM, Kumar S, Chakrapani GJ, Kumar P. Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India. Water. 2022; 14(4):611. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040611

Chicago/Turabian Style

Behera, Ajit Kumar, Rudra Mohan Pradhan, Sudhir Kumar, Govind Joseph Chakrapani, and Pankaj Kumar. 2022. "Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India" Water 14, no. 4: 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040611

APA Style

Behera, A. K., Pradhan, R. M., Kumar, S., Chakrapani, G. J., & Kumar, P. (2022). Assessment of Groundwater Flow Dynamics Using MODFLOW in Shallow Aquifer System of Mahanadi Delta (East Coast), India. Water, 14(4), 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14040611

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop