Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems for Southeast Asia—A Review of Present Modelling and Its Future Prospects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Rainfall Information for Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems
2.1. Rainfall Data Sources
2.2. Nowcasting Techniques in Radar Rainfalls
2.3. Forecasting Techniques in Radar Rainfalls
2.4. Forecasting Application and Its Future Perspective in Southeast Asia
3. Physical-Process-Based Hydraulic Models for Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems
3.1. Overview
3.1.1. Model Improvement—Topographic Data Treatment
3.1.2. Accuracy Improvement—Model Validation Data
3.1.3. Computational Time Improvement
3.2. Current Model Applicability and Its Future Perspective
4. Data-Driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) Models for Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems
4.1. The Limitation of the Existing Modelling Approach
4.2. Data-Driven AI Models
4.3. Future Challenges for Urban Areas in Southeast Asia
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Area (km2) | Hydraulic Modelling Method | References |
---|---|---|---|
Germany | 1.68 | SWMM | [108] |
France | 0.3 | SWMM | [109] |
Australia | 45 | MIKE urban | [110] |
USA | 696.7 | SWMM | [111] |
Denmark | 1.48 | MIKE urban | [112] |
Brazil | 0.11 | SWMM | [113] |
China | 0.017 | SWMM, MIKE 21 | [114] |
USA | 0.11 | RBC SWMM | [115] |
China | 141.09 | SWMM | [116] |
UK | N/A | Shetran | [117] |
Nepal | 51.94 | PCSWMM | [118] |
Thailand | 11 | PCSWMM | [80] |
Country | Area (km2) | Hydraulic Modelling Method | Data-Driven AI Model | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
France | 0.3 | SWMM | ANN | [109] |
Belgium | 0.3 | - | ANN | [143] |
Norway | 15 | - | LSTM, GRU | [144] |
UK | N/A | - | LASSO, ANN | [145] |
South Korea | 6.8 | - | CNM | [146] |
Germany | N/A | - | CNM, I-Tree Canopy method | [147] |
UK | 21.80 | - | URMOD | [148] |
Germany | 4.0 | MIKE 21 | GAN | [149] |
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Chitwatkulsiri, D.; Miyamoto, H. Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems for Southeast Asia—A Review of Present Modelling and Its Future Prospects. Water 2023, 15, 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010178
Chitwatkulsiri D, Miyamoto H. Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems for Southeast Asia—A Review of Present Modelling and Its Future Prospects. Water. 2023; 15(1):178. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010178
Chicago/Turabian StyleChitwatkulsiri, Detchphol, and Hitoshi Miyamoto. 2023. "Real-Time Urban Flood Forecasting Systems for Southeast Asia—A Review of Present Modelling and Its Future Prospects" Water 15, no. 1: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010178