Copper as a Complex Indicator of the Status of the Marine Environment Concerning Climate Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Matrices
2.2. Sampling
2.2.1. Fish for Copper Analysis
2.2.2. Fish Blood for Micronucleus Test Analysis
2.2.3. Sediment
2.2.4. Macrobenthic Plants
2.3. Analysis
2.3.1. Copper Analysis
- Fish
- Plants
- Sediment
2.3.2. Sediment Dating
2.3.3. Processing Results
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Copper in Fish and Micronucleus Test Results
3.2. Copper in Macrobenthic Plants
3.3. Copper in Sediments
3.4. Copper Toxicity and Environmental Assessment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Herring | Flounder | Perch |
---|---|---|---|
Mean Cu (mg kg−1 ww) | 3.8 | 12.0 | 4.2 |
r coefficient | |||
length [cm] | −0.07 | 0.05 | 0.29 |
mass [g] | −0.32 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
gonads stadium | −0.54 | −0.24 | −0.10 |
age | −0.19 | 0.16 | −0.07 |
Mean (Min–Max) Cu Concentration (mg kg−1 dw) | Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) (dm3 kg−1) | Plant Quality Standard (PQS) (mg kg−1 dw) | Recommended PQS (mg kg−1 dw) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red algae | Vertebrata fucoides | 24.7 (3.8–83.0) | 7717 | 38.6 | 50 |
Furcellaria lumbricalis | 18.8 (5.5–56.8) | 5880 | 29.4 | ||
Coccotylus truncatus | 24.2 (7.6–39.6) | 7548 | 37.7 | ||
Ceramium diaphanum | 26.5 (4.0–72.7) | 8287 | 41.4 | ||
Vascular plants | Stuckenia pectinata | 11.0 (3.6–29.2) | 3431 | 17.2 | |
Zannichellia palustris | 18.8 (6.7–87.5) | 5869 | 29.3 | ||
Zostera marina | 12.2 (3.0–24.4) | 3807 | 19.0 | ||
Seawater | 3.2 µg L−1 | recommended 5 µg L−1 WQS |
Species | Fishery | Cu [mg/kg] | EDI | Target Consumption [g/day] | ADI | Target Cu [mg/kg] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
herring | LWLA | 1.79 | 0.20 | 2.41 | 0.07 | 0.63 |
LKOL | 2.27 | 0.25 | ||||
flounder | Pomeranian Bay | 16.12 | 1.77 | 0.50 | ||
Gdańsk Bay | 3.85 | 0.42 | ||||
perch | LZSZ | 3.53 | 0.39 | 1.78 | ||
LZW | 1.98 | 0.22 |
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Zalewska, T.; Danowska, B.; Wilman, B.; Saniewski, M.; Iwaniak, M.; Bork-Zalewska, J.; Marciniewicz-Mykieta, M. Copper as a Complex Indicator of the Status of the Marine Environment Concerning Climate Change. Water 2024, 16, 2411. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172411
Zalewska T, Danowska B, Wilman B, Saniewski M, Iwaniak M, Bork-Zalewska J, Marciniewicz-Mykieta M. Copper as a Complex Indicator of the Status of the Marine Environment Concerning Climate Change. Water. 2024; 16(17):2411. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172411
Chicago/Turabian StyleZalewska, Tamara, Beata Danowska, Bartłomiej Wilman, Michał Saniewski, Michał Iwaniak, Jaśmina Bork-Zalewska, and Małgorzata Marciniewicz-Mykieta. 2024. "Copper as a Complex Indicator of the Status of the Marine Environment Concerning Climate Change" Water 16, no. 17: 2411. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172411