Ecological Risk Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion and Urban Ecosystem Management in Shenzhen City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Processing Data Related to ERA
2.3. Concept Framework of Ecology Risk Assessment
2.4. Analysis of the Geographical Mechanism of SWI
2.5. Mapping the SWI-Affected Zone
2.6. Exploring the Freshwater-Remediation Capacity from Mountain Phreatic Water
2.7. Rating the Salt Tolerance of Groundcover Plants
2.8. Estimating the Emergency-Response Capacity
2.9. Building the Comprehensive Evaluation Ecological Risk Model of SWI
3. Results
3.1. Results of ERA from SWI
3.2. Characteristics of the SWI-Affected Zone
3.3. Difference between the Four Factors of SWI
3.4. Evaluation Result of the Urban Greenbelt Regarding the Ecological Risk for SWI
4. Discussion
4.1. Enhancing Freshwater Ecosystem Services
4.2. Planting the Salt-Tolerant Vegetation Type
4.3. Limiting High-Position Saltwater Aquaculture
4.4. Policy Implications for Garden Cities
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Source | Website |
---|---|---|
Inventory of forest resources | National Forestry and Grassland Administration | www.stgz.org.cn (accessed on 22 December 2023) |
Hydrographic net | Open street map | www.openstreetmap.org (accessed on 3 January 2024) |
Administrative boundary | National Catalogue Service for Geographic Information | www.webmap.cn (accessed on 16 December 2023) |
DEM | Geospatial Data Cloud site | www.gscloud.cn (accessed on 18 December 2023) |
Coastline | Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI | https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov (accessed on 21 December 2023) |
Water Workstations | POI of AMAP | https://ditu.amap.com (accessed on 23 January 2024) |
Research schematic material | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science | https://ian.umces.edu (accessed on 15 January 2024) |
Dominant Species | Salt-Tolerance Level | Code of Risk Level | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Eucalyptus robusta | Mild | 2 |
2 | Acacia mangium | Mild | 2 |
3 | Casuarina equisetifolia | Strong | 4 |
4 | Other soft broadleaved tree | Moderate | 3 |
5 | Other hard broadleaved tree | Moderate | 3 |
6 | Coniferous mixed forest | Particular | 5 |
7 | Coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest | Strong | 4 |
8 | Broadleaved mixed forest | Moderate | 3 |
9 | Litchi chinensis/Dimocarpus longan | Intolerance | 1 |
10 | Other woody fruit trees | Intolerance | 1 |
11 | Mangrove Forest | Particular | 5 |
SF1: SWI Buffer Ecological Risk | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
SWI Buffer Distance (m) | Risk Level | Distance Level | Area (km2) | |
1 | 0–50 | Very high | 5 | 7.644 |
2 | 50–100 | High | 4 | 2.169 |
3 | 100–300 | Medium | 3 | 6.592 |
4 | 300–500 | Low | 2 | 4.998 |
5 | >500 | Very low | 1 | 27.918 |
SF2: Mountain phreatic water supply | ||||
Slope length of mountain (m) | Risk level | Slope length level | ||
1 | 0–25 | Very high | 5 | 2.446 |
2 | 25–100 | High | 4 | 7.166 |
3 | 100–250 | Medium | 3 | 11.835 |
4 | 250–350 | Low | 2 | 24.985 |
5 | >350 | Very low | 1 | 2.888 |
SF3: Urban greenbelt vegetation salinity-tolerance level | ||||
Dominant Species | Salinity-tolerance level | Sensitivity level | ||
1 | Eucalyptus robusta | Mild | 2 | 0.599 |
2 | Acacia mangium | Mild | 2 | 4.058 |
3 | Casuarina equisetifolia | Strong | 4 | 0.261 |
4 | Other soft broadleaved tree | Mild | 3 | 4.097 |
5 | Other hard broadleaved tree | Mild | 3 | 4.397 |
6 | Coniferous mixed forest | Particular | 5 | 0.010 |
7 | Coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest | Strong | 4 | 0.207 |
8 | Broadleaved mixed forest | Mild | 3 | 30.953 |
9 | Litchi chinensis/Dimocarpus longan | Intolerance | 1 | 4.189 |
10 | Other woody fruit trees | Intolerance | 1 | 0.339 |
11 | Mangrove Forest | Particular | 5 | 0.213 |
SF4: Supplementation of freshwater to suppress saline water Distance | ||||
Distance from waterworks (m) | Risk level | Distance level | ||
1 | 0–1000 | Very low | 1 | 8.419 |
2 | 1000–2000 | Low | 2 | 13.231 |
3 | 2000–3000 | Medium | 3 | 15.519 |
4 | 3000–5000 | High | 4 | 11.191 |
5 | >5000 | Very high | 5 | 0.961 |
Risk Level Code | Risk Level | Area (km2) | Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Very low risk | 12.97 | 26.294 |
2 | Low risk | 23.44 | 47.528 |
3 | Medium risk | 11.30 | 22.921 |
4 | High risk | 1.21 | 2.454 |
5 | Very high risk | 0.40 | 0.803 |
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Dong, R.; Cai, Y.; Chen, X.; Wang, C.; Lian, A. Ecological Risk Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion and Urban Ecosystem Management in Shenzhen City. Land 2024, 13, 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091338
Dong R, Cai Y, Chen X, Wang C, Lian A. Ecological Risk Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion and Urban Ecosystem Management in Shenzhen City. Land. 2024; 13(9):1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091338
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Rencai, Yue Cai, Xueye Chen, Cunjin Wang, and Anxin Lian. 2024. "Ecological Risk Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion and Urban Ecosystem Management in Shenzhen City" Land 13, no. 9: 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091338