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Article

A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents

by
Tadashi Shiohama
1,2,*,
Norihide Maikusa
3,4,
Masahiro Kawaguchi
5,
Jun Natsume
5,6,
Yoshiyuki Hirano
7,8,
Keito Saito
9,
Jun-ichi Takanashi
9,
Jacob Levman
2,10,11,12,
Emi Takahashi
2,11,
Koji Matsumoto
13,
Hajime Yokota
14,
Shinya Hattori
13,
Keita Tsujimura
15,16,
Daisuke Sawada
1,
Tomoko Uchida
1,
Tomozumi Takatani
1,
Katsunori Fujii
1,17,
Shinji Naganawa
18,
Noriko Sato
4 and
Hiromichi Hamada
1
1
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
2
Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
3
Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
4
Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
5
Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
6
Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
7
Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
8
United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
9
Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owadashinden, Yachiyo-shi 276-8524, Chiba, Japan
10
Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, 5005 Chapel Square, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
11
Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
12
Nova Scotia Health Authority—Research, Innovation and Discovery Center for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
13
Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
14
Diagnostic Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan
15
Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
16
Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
17
Department of Pediatrics, International University of Welfare and Health School of Medicine, Narita 286-8520, Chiba, Japan
18
Department of Radiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2774; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172774
Submission received: 14 July 2023 / Revised: 23 August 2023 / Accepted: 25 August 2023 / Published: 27 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders)
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Abstract

Regional anatomical structures of the brain are intimately connected to functions corresponding to specific regions and the temporospatial pattern of genetic expression and their functions from the fetal period to old age. Therefore, quantitative brain morphometry has often been employed in neuroscience investigations, while controlling for the scanner effect of the scanner is a critical issue for ensuring accuracy in brain morphometric studies of rare orphan diseases due to the lack of normal reference values available for multicenter studies. This study aimed to provide across-site normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes for each sex and age group in children and adolescents. We collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 846 neurotypical participants aged 6.0–17.9 years (339 male and 507 female participants) from 5 institutions comprising healthy volunteers or neurotypical patients without neurological disorders, neuropsychological disorders, or epilepsy. Regional-based analysis using the CIVET 2.1.0. pipeline provided regional brain volumes, and the measurements were across-site combined using ComBat-GAM harmonization. The normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes and lateral indices in our study could be helpful for evaluating the characteristics of the brain morphology of each individual in a clinical setting and investigating the brain morphology of ultra-rare diseases.
Keywords: ComBat-GAM; structural brain MRI; voxel-based morphometry; CIVET; normal reference values ComBat-GAM; structural brain MRI; voxel-based morphometry; CIVET; normal reference values

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Shiohama, T.; Maikusa, N.; Kawaguchi, M.; Natsume, J.; Hirano, Y.; Saito, K.; Takanashi, J.-i.; Levman, J.; Takahashi, E.; Matsumoto, K.; et al. A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2774. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172774

AMA Style

Shiohama T, Maikusa N, Kawaguchi M, Natsume J, Hirano Y, Saito K, Takanashi J-i, Levman J, Takahashi E, Matsumoto K, et al. A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(17):2774. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172774

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shiohama, Tadashi, Norihide Maikusa, Masahiro Kawaguchi, Jun Natsume, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Keito Saito, Jun-ichi Takanashi, Jacob Levman, Emi Takahashi, Koji Matsumoto, and et al. 2023. "A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents" Diagnostics 13, no. 17: 2774. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172774

APA Style

Shiohama, T., Maikusa, N., Kawaguchi, M., Natsume, J., Hirano, Y., Saito, K., Takanashi, J.-i., Levman, J., Takahashi, E., Matsumoto, K., Yokota, H., Hattori, S., Tsujimura, K., Sawada, D., Uchida, T., Takatani, T., Fujii, K., Naganawa, S., Sato, N., & Hamada, H. (2023). A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents. Diagnostics, 13(17), 2774. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172774

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